Air Quality Research Repository – Search Option

@article{Lai2019309b,
title = {Chemical composition and source apportionment of ambient, household, and personal exposures to PM2.5 in communities using biomass stoves in rural China},
author = {A M Lai and E Carter and M Shan and K Ni and S Clark and M Ezzati and C Wiedinmyer and X Yang and J Baumgartner and J J Schauer},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85050466055&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2018.07.322&partnerID=40&md5=c43036434a09c23de26005e2b68fa5bd},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.322},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
volume = {646},
pages = {309-319},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has health effects that may depend on its sources and chemical composition. Few studies have quantified the composition of personal and area PM2.5 in rural settings over the same time period. Yet, this information would shed important light on the sources influencing personal PM2.5 exposures. This study investigated the sources and chemical composition of 40 personal exposure, 40 household, and 36 ambient PM2.5 samples collected in the non-heating and heating seasons in rural southwestern China. Chemical analysis included black carbon (BC), water-soluble components (ions, organic carbon), elements, and organic tracers. Source apportionment was conducted using organic tracer concentrations in a Chemical Mass Balance model. Biomass burning was the largest identified PM2.5 source contributor to household (average, SD: 48 ± 11%) and exposures (31 ± 6%) in both seasons, and ambient PM2.5 in winter (20 ± 4%). Food cooking also contributed to household and personal PM, reaching approximately half of the biomass contributions. Secondary inorganic aerosol was the major identified source in summertime ambient PM2.5 (32 ± 14%), but was present in all samples (summer: 10 ± 3% [household], 13 ± 6% [exposures]; winter: 18 ± 2% [ambient], 7 ± 2% [household], 8 ± 2% [exposures]). Dust concentrations and fractional contribution to total PM2.5 were higher in summer exposure samples (7 ± 4%) than in ambient or household samples (6 ± 1% and 2 ± 1%, respectively). Indoor sources comprised up to one-fifth of ambient PM2.5, and outdoor sources (vehicles, secondary aerosols) contributed up to 15% of household PM2.5. While household sources were the main contributors to PM2.5 exposures in terms of mass, inorganic components of personal exposures differed from household samples. Based on these findings, health-focused initiatives to reduce harmful PM2.5 exposures may consider a coordinated approach to address both indoor and outdoor PM2.5 source contributors. © 2018},
note = {cited By 0},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Lai2019309,
title = {Chemical composition and source apportionment of ambient, household, and personal exposures to PM2.5 in communities using biomass stoves in rural China},
author = {A M Lai and E Carter and M Shan and K Ni and S Clark and M Ezzati and C Wiedinmyer and X Yang and J Baumgartner and J J Schauer},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85050466055&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2018.07.322&partnerID=40&md5=c43036434a09c23de26005e2b68fa5bd},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.322},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
volume = {646},
pages = {309-319},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has health effects that may depend on its sources and chemical composition. Few studies have quantified the composition of personal and area PM2.5 in rural settings over the same time period. Yet, this information would shed important light on the sources influencing personal PM2.5 exposures. This study investigated the sources and chemical composition of 40 personal exposure, 40 household, and 36 ambient PM2.5 samples collected in the non-heating and heating seasons in rural southwestern China. Chemical analysis included black carbon (BC), water-soluble components (ions, organic carbon), elements, and organic tracers. Source apportionment was conducted using organic tracer concentrations in a Chemical Mass Balance model. Biomass burning was the largest identified PM2.5 source contributor to household (average, SD: 48 ± 11%) and exposures (31 ± 6%) in both seasons, and ambient PM2.5 in winter (20 ± 4%). Food cooking also contributed to household and personal PM, reaching approximately half of the biomass contributions. Secondary inorganic aerosol was the major identified source in summertime ambient PM2.5 (32 ± 14%), but was present in all samples (summer: 10 ± 3% [household], 13 ± 6% [exposures]; winter: 18 ± 2% [ambient], 7 ± 2% [household], 8 ± 2% [exposures]). Dust concentrations and fractional contribution to total PM2.5 were higher in summer exposure samples (7 ± 4%) than in ambient or household samples (6 ± 1% and 2 ± 1%, respectively). Indoor sources comprised up to one-fifth of ambient PM2.5, and outdoor sources (vehicles, secondary aerosols) contributed up to 15% of household PM2.5. While household sources were the main contributors to PM2.5 exposures in terms of mass, inorganic components of personal exposures differed from household samples. Based on these findings, health-focused initiatives to reduce harmful PM2.5 exposures may consider a coordinated approach to address both indoor and outdoor PM2.5 source contributors. © 2018},
note = {cited By 0},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Bhargava2018363b,
title = {Assessment of GHG mitigation and CDM technology in urban transport sector of Chandigarh, India},
author = {N Bhargava and B R Gurjar and S Mor and K Ravindra},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85031895905&doi=10.1007%2fs11356-017-0357-8&partnerID=40&md5=a1971fc86b2319031d5cbd3d7905aefc},
doi = {10.1007/s11356-017-0357-8},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {363-374},
publisher = {Springer Verlag},
abstract = {The increase in number of vehicles in metropolitan cities has resulted in increase of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in urban environment. In this study, emission load of GHGs (CO, N2O, CO2) from Chandigarh road transport sector has been estimated using Vehicular Air Pollution Inventory (VAPI) model, which uses emission factors prevalent in Indian cities. Contribution of 2-wheelers (2-w), 3-wheelers (3-w), cars, buses, and heavy commercial vehicles (HCVs) to CO, N2O, CO2, and total GHG emissions was calculated. Potential for GHG mitigation through clean development mechanism (CDM) in transport sector of Chandigarh under two scenarios, i.e., business as usual (BAU) and best estimate scenario (BES) using VAPI model, has been explored. A major contribution of GHG load (~ 50%) in Chandigarh was from four-wheelers until 2011; however, it shows a declining trend after 2011 until 2020. The estimated GHG emission from motor vehicles in Chandigarh has increased more than two times from 1065 Gg in 2005 to 2486 Gg by 2011 and is expected to increase to 4014 Gg by 2020 under BAU scenario. Under BES scenario, 30% of private transport has been transformed to public transport; GHG load was possibly reduced by 520 Gg. An increase of 173 Gg in GHGs load is projected from additional scenario (ADS) in Chandigarh city if all the diesel buses are transformed to CNG buses by 2020. Current study also offers potential for other cities to plan better GHG reduction strategies in transport sector to reduce their climate change impacts. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.},
note = {cited By 0},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Dalaba2018b,
title = {Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) Supply and Demand for Cooking in Northern Ghana},
author = {M Dalaba and R Alirigia and E Mesenbring and E Coffey and Z Brown and M Hannigan and C Wiedinmyer and A Oduro and K L Dickinson},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051696933&doi=10.1007%2fs10393-018-1351-4&partnerID=40&md5=374058e60afe718f9bb41f36e0c62d22},
doi = {10.1007/s10393-018-1351-4},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {EcoHealth},
publisher = {Springer New York LLC},
abstract = {Like many other countries, Ghana relies on biomass (mainly wood and charcoal) for most of its cooking needs. A national action plan aims to expand liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) access to 50% of the country’s population by 2020. While the country’s southern urban areas have made progress toward this goal, LPG use for cooking remains low in the north. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to characterize the current state of the LPG market in this area and examine opportunities and barriers to scale up LPG adoption. We interviewed 16 LPG suppliers (stove, cylinder, and fuel vendors) as well as 592 households in the Kassena-Nankana Districts (KND) of Ghana. We find large rural–urban differences in LPG uptake: less than 10% of rural households own LPG stoves compared with over half of urban households. Awareness of LPG is high across the region, but accessibility of fuel supply is highly limited, with just one refilling station located in the KND. Affordability is perceived as the main barrier to LPG adoption, and acceptability is also limited by widespread concerns about the safety of cooking with LPG. Transitioning to a cylinder recirculation model, and providing more targeted subsidies and credit options, should be explored to expand access to cleaner cooking in this region. © 2018, The Author(s).},
note = {cited By 0; Article in Press},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Rafaj2018b,
title = {Decomposing air pollutant emissions in Asia: Determinants and projections},
author = {P Rafaj and M Amann},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051663234&doi=10.3390%2fen11051299&partnerID=40&md5=fcb1e64edb53fefb5910842815f7f151},
doi = {10.3390/en11051299},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Energies},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
publisher = {MDPI AG},
abstract = {High levels of air pollution pose an urgent social and public health challenge in many Asian regions. This study evaluates the role of key factors that determined the changes in emission levels in China, India and Japan over the past 25 years. While emissions of air pollutants have been declining in Japan since the 1990s, China and India have experienced a rapid growth in pollution levels in recent years. Around 2005, control measures for sulfur emissions started to deliver expected reductions in China, followed by cuts in nitrogen oxides ten years later. Despite recent policy interventions, growing emission trends in India persist. A decomposition analysis of emission-driving factors indicates that emission levels would have been at least two-times higher without the improvements in energy intensity and efficiency, combined with end-of-pipe measures. Due to the continuous reliance on fossil fuels, the abatement effect of a cleaner fuel mix was in most cases significantly smaller than other factors. A reassessment of emission projections developed in the past suggests a decisive impact of energy and environmental policies. It is expected that targeted legislative instruments will play a dominant role in achieving future air-quality goals in Asia. © 2018 by the authors.},
note = {cited By 0},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Pant2018b,
title = {Exposure to air pollutants in Vietnam: Assessing potential risk for tourists},
author = {P Pant and W Huynh and R E Peltier},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85044631676&doi=10.1016%2fj.jes.2018.01.023&partnerID=40&md5=db9950a58836c354e38450b3b2d3ff60},
doi = {10.1016/j.jes.2018.01.023},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Environmental Sciences (China)},
publisher = {Chinese Academy of Sciences},
abstract = {Tourism can form an important component of a nation’s GDP, and Vietnam is among the most visited countries in Southeast Asia. Most studies on personal exposure focus on the general population, or occupational cohorts with exposure to specific pollutants. However, short-term exposure to air pollutants while visiting regions with high levels of air pollution can lead to acute health effects. A personal exposure study was conducted across three cities in Vietnam to estimate exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon for tourists. Measurements were conducted during the wet season in 2014 in Ho Chi Minh City, Da Lat and Nha Trang using portable instrumentation. Average 24-hr PM2.5 and BC exposures were estimated as 18.9 ± 9.24 and 3.41 ± 1.33 μg/m3 and among the three cities, Ho Chi Minh was found to have the highest PM2.5 concentrations. Environmental tobacco smoke, commuting and street food stands were found to contribute to highest levels of exposure to PM2.5 and BC across all cities. © 2017},
note = {cited By 0; Article in Press},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Kedia2018c,
title = {A study of Himalayan extreme rainfall events using WRF-Chem},
author = {S Kedia and R K Vellore and S Islam and A Kaginalkar},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85050693103&doi=10.1007%2fs00703-018-0626-1&partnerID=40&md5=9bb16b65d967094d8d913f83877989d4},
doi = {10.1007/s00703-018-0626-1},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},
abstract = {The rising number of extreme rainfall events over the Himalayan foothill states of India during the recent decades has become a serious issue with the growing concern of aerosol influences. This study intends to provide some insight into aerosol and gas chemistry responses to changes in monsoon circulation and precipitation, and also assess the impact of aerosols on two recent infamous heavy rainfall events using coupled meteorology–chemistry–aerosol (WRF-Chem) model simulations. The sensitivity of aerosols and chemistry on rainfall distribution and the amount is evaluated using the simulations with and without chemistry. Results from this study show that the magnitude and spatial distribution of precipitation are significantly influenced by including aerosol and gas chemistry in the model simulations. Realistic meteorological conditions as well as rainfall amount and distribution are reproduced when aerosols and gasses are taken into account in the simulation. There is an overall enhancement of total cumulative rainfall as high as 20% due to aerosols and gas chemistry over the western Himalayan Indian states. This study shows that cloud-microphysical properties and the resulting precipitation distribution depend critically on the aerosol types and their concentrations under similar thermodynamic conditions. This study highlights the role of aerosol and gas chemistry and recognizes the importance of atmospheric chemistry in the model simulation for the analysis of Himalayan extreme precipitation events, and its further associations with the Himalayan hydrology. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.},
note = {cited By 0; Article in Press},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Perugu2018b,
title = {Emission modelling of light-duty vehicles in India using the revamped VSP-based MOVES model: The case study of Hyderabad},
author = {H Perugu},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85044656422&doi=10.1016%2fj.trd.2018.01.031&partnerID=40&md5=72dd86c54b7b4ae91fc4d8f84303ec7d},
doi = {10.1016/j.trd.2018.01.031},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {US-EPA’s MOVES is the new generation mobile source emissions model, which is built on Vehicle Specific Power based assumptions and that makes it suitable to apply anywhere in the world. In this paper, we have successfully modified MOVES model for application in Hyderabad, India. As the model’s default underlying “Federal Test Procedure-based Driving Cycle” cannot represent India’s driving conditions, we have used “Modified Indian Driving Cycle” and local light-duty vehicle-specific driving cycles to revise the emission rates. On average, based on deterioration rate comparison, the emission rates in India are 9.54, 8.37 and 9.45 times higher than the default US emission rates, for CO, HC and NOx, respectively. Based on the results analysis and background information from other studies, the faster degradation of local vehicles are due to different local operating conditions like worse traffic congestion/slower vehicle speeds and local road conditions. The project-level dispersion modeling-based validation results showed high R2 values of 0.656 and 0.648 for CO and NOx, when our newer emission rates were used. Based on available literature, this is the first attempt that tried to revamp the VSP-based emission model, MOVES, for Indian context. In this study, the real-world traffic operational data was used to replace the fundamental parameters in the MOVES model and this research can be used as a reference for MOVES application in India as it provides all the necessary details to revise the emission rates. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd},
note = {cited By 0; Article in Press},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Purohit201817b,
title = {Small and bad},
author = {P Purohit},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051988867&doi=10.1038%2fs41893-017-0012-x&partnerID=40&md5=82a7b7b7094a8b2e2cace04f699b4e40},
doi = {10.1038/s41893-017-0012-x},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Nature Sustainability},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {17-18},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
abstract = {It is well known that electricity production from the combustion of fossil fuels is a major source of air pollutants and greenhouse gases. Now, research shows that large generation plants are not necessarily the worst emitters. © 2017 The Publisher.},
note = {cited By 0},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Verma2018235b,
title = {Domestic use of cooking fuel in India: A review on emission characteristics and associated health concerns},
author = {M Verma and S Pervez and M K Deb and D Majumdar},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85040113140&doi=10.14233%2fajchem.2018.21006&partnerID=40&md5=71ec5195e488a71ab14f70773a7d4d67},
doi = {10.14233/ajchem.2018.21006},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Asian Journal of Chemistry},
volume = {30},
number = {2},
pages = {235-245},
publisher = {Chemical Publishing Co.},
abstract = {One out of every three Indians use biomass fuels such as wood, animal dung and coal cake, crop residues as their primary domestic energy source. About 23 and 61 % of urban and rural Indian households, respectively, rely on traditional stoves (Chullah) for cooking practices. Household air pollution contains solid fuel burning emissions prominently, is reported to claim 4.3 million premature deaths yearly in developing countries. But most of the review studies to address air pollution scenario in India are focused on outdoor environments; major reason to review the current knowledge on emission estimates from household biomass burning and associated impacts on indoor air and human health. This review intends to critically discuss the variability associated with emission estimates and impacts of household air quality in different parts of India as presented in several research works, published during 2001-2015. About 27 and 11 % increase in PM2.5 and PM10, respectively has been observed in Indian house-indoors during the assessment period. Emission factors, emission budgets of aerosol fractions, carbonaceous matter and other chemical components for household biofuel burning emissions were also summarized for the period of 2001-2015. Health effects studies due to household air pollution in India were also summarized and discussed. Improvement in ventilation system and modification in the pattern of fuels may contribute to reduce the effect of the pollution on national health. As there are no specific regulations or acts for controlling of household air pollution in India, urgent need is felt for implementing the strategies to create public awareness.},
note = {cited By 0},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Tong201859b,
title = {Targeted emission reductions from global super-polluting power plant units},
author = {D Tong and Q Zhang and S J Davis and F Liu and B Zheng and G Geng and T Xue and M Li and C Hong and Z Lu and D G Streets and D Guan and K He},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85043579714&doi=10.1038%2fs41893-017-0003-y&partnerID=40&md5=de2a589d02d606b904e6bb28f2b20bd0},
doi = {10.1038/s41893-017-0003-y},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Nature Sustainability},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {59-68},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
abstract = {There are more than 30,000 biomass- and fossil-fuel-burning power plants now operating worldwide, reflecting a tremendously diverse infrastructure, which ranges in capacity from less than a megawatt to more than a gigawatt. In 2010, 68.7% of electricity generated globally came from these power plants, compared with 64.2% in 1990. Although the electricity generated by this infrastructure is vital to economic activity worldwide, it also produces more CO2 and air pollutant emissions than infrastructure from any other industrial sector. Here, we assess fuel- and region-specific opportunities for reducing undesirable air pollutant emissions using a newly developed emission dataset at the level of individual generating units. For example, we find that retiring or installing emission control technologies on units representing 0.8% of the global coal-fired power plant capacity could reduce levels of PM2.5 emissions by 7.7-14.2%. In India and China, retiring coal-fired plants representing 1.8% and 0.8% of total capacity can reduce total PM2.5 emissions from coal-fired plants by 13.2% and 16.0%, respectively. Our results therefore suggest that policies targeting a relatively small number of ‘super-polluting’ units could substantially reduce pollutant emissions and thus the related impacts on both human health and global climate. © 2018 The Author.},
note = {cited By 5},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Verma2018c,
title = {Emission estimation of aromatic and halogenated VOCs from household solid fuel burning practices},
author = {M Verma and S Pervez and D Majumdar and R Chakrabarty and Y F Pervez},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051622746&doi=10.1007%2fs13762-018-1920-7&partnerID=40&md5=5a12b3cc2afd7ebf82b046da5c61bd3a},
doi = {10.1007/s13762-018-1920-7},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology},
publisher = {Center for Environmental and Energy Research and Studies},
abstract = {This study describes the emission factors (EFs) of 16 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for the combustion of commonly used household solid fuels including coal balls (CB), fuelwood (FW), dung cakes (DC), crop residues (CR), and mixed fuels (MF: DC + FW), collected from ten states of India. Sum of 16 VOCs EF (g kg−1) have shown highest level (50.0 ± 22.7 g kg−1) for CB, followed by CR (23.71 ± 10.64 g kg−1), DC (19.08 ± 3.29 g kg−1), MF (15.77 ± 9.49 g kg−1), and FW (12.79 ± 5.69 g kg−1). These findings are multifold higher than those reported for biomass burning in test chamber studies. Benzene and dichloromethane EFs were found to be dominating among the aromatic and halogenated VOCs, respectively. Annual TVOCs emission estimates were evaluated to be 12.58 ± 5.92 Gg year−1 from household solid fuel burning practices. It was the 1/6th of TVOCs emission estimates (73 Gg year−1) from biomass burning in India during 2009. © 2018, Islamic Azad University (IAU).},
note = {cited By 0; Article in Press},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Mahapatra2018145b,
title = {Seasonal progression of atmospheric particulate matter over an urban coastal region in peninsular India: Role of local meteorology and long-range transport},
author = {P S Mahapatra and P R Sinha and R Boopathy and T Das and S Mohanty and S C Sahu and B R Gurjar},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032307133&doi=10.1016%2fj.atmosres.2017.09.001&partnerID=40&md5=6051ba5195a508a8f3dd84ffcf8b9757},
doi = {10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.09.001},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Atmospheric Research},
volume = {199},
pages = {145-158},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {Measurement of particulate matter (PM) over an urban site with relatively high concentration of aerosol particles is critically important owing to its adverse health, environmental and climate impact. Here we present a 3 years’ worth of measurements (January 2012 to December 2014) of PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm) and PM10 (aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm) along with meteorological parameters and seasonal variations at Bhubaneswar an urban-coastal site, in eastern India. The concentrations of PM were determined gravimetrically from the filter samples of PM2.5 and PM10. It revealed remarkable seasonal variations with winter values (55.0 ± 23.4 μg/m3; 147.3 ± 42.4 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and PM10 respectively) about 3.5 times higher than that in pre-monsoon (15.7 ± 6.2 μg/m3; 41.8 ± 15.3 μg/m3). PM2.5 and PM10 were well correlated while PM2.5/PM10 ratios were found to be 0.38 and 0.32 during winter and pre-monsoon, indicating the predominance of coarse particles, mainly originating from long range transport of pollutants from northern and western parts of India and parts of west Asia as well. Concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis revealed the IGP and North Western Odisha as the most potential sources of PM2.5 and PM10 during winter. The PM concentrations at Bhubaneswar were comparable with those at other coastal sites of India reported in the literature, but were lower than few polluted urban sites in India and Asia. Empirical model reproduced the observed seasonal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 very well over Bhubaneswar. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},
note = {cited By 1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Panicker2018884b,
title = {Radiative forcing of carbonaceous aerosols over two urban environments in northern India},
author = {A S Panicker and R Aditi and G Beig and K Ali and F Solmon},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046400677&doi=10.4209%2faaqr.2017.01.0056&partnerID=40&md5=be00b4a3125e825ed6bf707cf7e7aaa5},
doi = {10.4209/aaqr.2017.01.0056},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Aerosol and Air Quality Research},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {884-894},
publisher = {AAGR Aerosol and Air Quality Research},
abstract = {The radiative forcing of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) has been estimated over two urban environments in Northern India (Jabalpur [JBL] and Udaipur [UDPR]) from November 2011 till November 2012 (till September 2012 over Jabalpur). The elemental carbon concentrations reached 7.36 ± 1.99 µg m–3 over JBL and were as high as 10.78 ± 4.85 µg m–3 over UDPR, whereas the corresponding OC concentrations were much higher in different months (as high as 19.37 ± 12.6 µg m–3 over JBL and 39.71 ± 13.05 µg m–3 over UDPR). The radiative forcing for OC and EC has been estimated using an optical model along with a radiative transfer model. The surface OC radiative forcing was found to range from –2.19 ± 1.93 W m–2 to –3.083 ± 2.29 W m–2 over JBL and –1.97 ± 1.37 to –5.89 ± 2.17 W m–2 over UDPR, whereas the estimated top of the atmosphere (TOA) forcing ranged from –0.87 ± 0.49 to –1.87 ± 0.90 W m–2 over JBL and from –1.23 ± 0.31 to –3.44 ± 1.51 W m–2 over UDPR. However, the effect of EC forcing (as high as –21.75 W m–2 at the surface of and +6.3 W m–2 at TOA over JBL and –38.21 W m–2 at the surface of and +5.05 W m–2 at TOA over UDPR) was found to be more than tenfold higher than OC forcing due to its strong atmospheric absorption, in spite of much lower concentrations compared to OC. © Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research.},
note = {cited By 0},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Keerthi2018b,
title = {Source apportionment studies for particulates (PM10) in Kozhikode, South Western India using a combined receptor model},
author = {R Keerthi and N Selvaraju and L Alen Varghese and N Anu},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052296080&doi=10.1080%2f02757540.2018.1508460&partnerID=40&md5=fd81555fa4b27eab1f109a48583c414b},
doi = {10.1080/02757540.2018.1508460},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Chemistry and Ecology},
publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},
abstract = {In the present work, source apportionment studies were carried out for particulate matter – one among the significant pollutants as addressed by The National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Advantages and disadvantages of each receptor model were addressed using a combined receptor model which integrates Factor Analysis (FA), Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF) and Chemical Mass Balance (CMB). Verification of the approach was done using sets of synthetic data as well as field data from Kozhikode. Sampling was carried out in National Institute of Technology, Calicut for a period of over 26 days with 24-hour sampling. The sampling gave an average PM concentration value in the range of 29.174–129.176 µg m−3. Studies using field data revealed five dominant sources and their contributions obtained from CMB and PMF were compared. Soil dust (contribution from CMB: 18%; contribution from PMF: 16%), marine aerosol (17%; 25%), construction and aggregate processing (46%; 11%), garden waste combustion (18%; 45%), and vehicular exhaust (1%; 3%) were major contributors in the site under study. The outcomes of the study integrated with the support of local authorities and by the acceptance of residents can definitely curb the pollution levels in the site under the study. © 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
note = {cited By 0; Article in Press},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Shaddick2018231b,
title = {Data integration model for air quality: a hierarchical approach to the global estimation of exposures to ambient air pollution},
author = {G Shaddick and M L Thomas and A Green and M Brauer and A van Donkelaar and R Burnett and H H Chang and A Cohen and R V Dingenen and C Dora and S Gumy and Y Liu and R Martin and L A Waller and J West and J V Zidek and A Prüss-Ustün},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85020394880&doi=10.1111%2frssc.12227&partnerID=40&md5=dd51cd7c4f75e7da56573aeb65c18fe7},
doi = {10.1111/rssc.12227},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C: Applied Statistics},
volume = {67},
number = {1},
pages = {231-253},
publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
abstract = {Air pollution is a major risk factor for global health, with 3 million deaths annually being attributed to fine particulate matter ambient pollution (PM2.5). The primary source of information for estimating population exposures to air pollution has been measurements from ground monitoring networks but, although coverage is increasing, regions remain in which monitoring is limited. The data integration model for air quality supplements ground monitoring data with information from other sources, such as satellite retrievals of aerosol optical depth and chemical transport models. Set within a Bayesian hierarchical modelling framework, the model allows spatially varying relationships between ground measurements and other factors that estimate air quality. The model is used to estimate exposures, together with associated measures of uncertainty, on a high resolution grid covering the entire world from which it is estimated that 92% of the world’s population reside in areas exceeding the World Health Organization’s air quality guidelines. © 2017 World Health Organization, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics) Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the Royal Statistical Society.},
note = {cited By 4},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{vanLierop201852b,
title = {What influences satisfaction and loyalty in public transport? A review of the literature},
author = {D van Lierop and M G Badami and A M El-Geneidy},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014761338&doi=10.1080%2f01441647.2017.1298683&partnerID=40&md5=61635a1e5c8ed40e1062bc09dcc4ab05},
doi = {10.1080/01441647.2017.1298683},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Transport Reviews},
volume = {38},
number = {1},
pages = {52-72},
publisher = {Routledge},
abstract = {Public transport ridership retention is a challenge for many cities. To develop comprehensive strategies aimed at retaining riders, it is necessary to understand the aspects of public transport that influence users to become loyal to the system. This paper analyses relevant literature regarding the causes of satisfaction and loyalty in public transport. We find that the service factors most associated with satisfaction are on-board cleanliness and comfort, courteous and helpful behaviour from operators, safety, as well as punctuality and frequency of service. On the other hand, loyalty is associated with users’ perceptions of value-for-money, on-board safety and cleanliness, interactions with personnel and the image and commitment to public transport that users feels. Furthermore, the results elucidate that the concept of loyalty is best defined based on users’ intentions to continue using the service, their willingness to recommend it to others, their overall satisfaction, but also and most importantly, their image of and involvement with public transport. Public transport users who have a positive image of the agency and consider public transport an integral component of city life are more likely to demonstrate loyalty and act like ambassadors for public transport agencies. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
note = {cited By 5},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Pommier2018103b,
title = {Impact of regional climate change and future emission scenarios on surface O3 and PM2.5 over India},
author = {M Pommier and H Fagerli and M Gauss and D Simpson and S Sharma and V Sinha and S D Ghude and O Landgren and A Nyiri and P Wind},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045846440&doi=10.5194%2facp-18-103-2018&partnerID=40&md5=a4936a447d58408519b82570cd64ab56},
doi = {10.5194/acp-18-103-2018},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {103-127},
publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},
abstract = {Eleven of the world’s 20 most polluted cities are located in India and poor air quality is already a major public health issue. However, anthropogenic emissions are predicted to increase substantially in the short-term (2030) and medium-term (2050) futures in India, especially if no further policy efforts are made. In this study, the EMEP/MSC-W chemical transport model has been used to predict changes in surface ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) for India in a world of changing emissions and climate. The reference scenario (for present-day) is evaluated against surface-based measurements, mainly at urban stations. The evaluation has also been extended to other data sets which are publicly available on the web but without quality assurance. The evaluation shows high temporal correlation for O3 (r = 0.9) and high spatial correlation for PM2.5 (r = 0.5 and r = 0.8 depending on the data set) between the model results and observations. While the overall bias in PM2.5 is small (lower than 6%), the model overestimates O3 by 35%. The underestimation in NOx titration is probably the main reason for the O3 overestimation in the model. However, the level of agreement can be considered satisfactory in this case of a regional model being evaluated against mainly urban measurements, and given the inevitable uncertainties in much of the input data. For the 2050s, the model predicts that climate change will have distinct effects in India in terms of O3 pollution, with a region in the north characterized by a statistically significant increase by up to 4% (2 ppb) and one in the south by a decrease up to -3% (-1.4 ppb). This variation in O3 is assumed to be partly related to changes in O3 deposition velocity caused by changes in soil moisture and, over a few areas, partly also by changes in biogenic non-methane volatile organic compounds. Our calculations suggest that PM2.5 will increase by up to 6.5% over the Indo-Gangetic Plain by the 2050s. The increase over India is driven by increases in dust, particulate organic matter (OM) and secondary inorganic aerosols (SIAs), which are mainly affected by the change in precipitation, biogenic emissions and wind speed. The large increase in anthropogenic emissions has a larger impact than climate change, causing O3 and PM2.5 levels to increase by 13 and 67% on average in the 2050s over the main part of India, respectively. By the 2030s, secondary inorganic aerosol is predicted to become the second largest contributor to PM2.5 in India, and the largest in the 2050s, exceeding OM and dust. © Author(s) 2018.},
note = {cited By 1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Chatani2018f,
title = {Overview of model inter-comparison in Japan’s study for reference air quality modeling (J-STREAM)},
author = {S Chatani and K Yamaji and T Sakurai and S Itahashi and H Shimadera and K Kitayama and H Hayami},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85040792001&doi=10.3390%2fatmos9010019&partnerID=40&md5=76fc5216b4ab606fe72baab1d0c27e64},
doi = {10.3390/atmos9010019},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Atmosphere},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
publisher = {MDPI AG},
abstract = {The inter-comparison of regional air quality models is an effective way to understand uncertainty in ambient pollutant concentrations simulated using various model configurations, as well as to find ways to improve model performance. Based on the outcomes and experiences of Japanese projects thus far, a new model inter-comparison project called Japan’s study for reference air quality modeling (J-STREAM) has begun. The objective of J-STREAM is to establish reference air quality modeling for source apportionment and effective strategy making to suppress secondary air pollutants including PM2.5 and photochemical ozone in Japan through model inter-comparison. The first phase focuses on understanding the ranges and limitations in ambient PM2.5 and ozone concentrations simulated by participants using common input datasets. The second phase focuses on issues revealed in previous studies in simulating secondary inorganic aerosols, as well as on the three-dimensional characteristics of photochemical ozone as a new target. The third phase focuses on comparing source apportionments and sensitivities under heavy air pollution episodes simulated by participating models. Detailed understanding of model performance, uncertainty, and possible improvements to urban-scale air pollution involving secondary pollutants, as well as detailed sector-wise source apportionments over megacities in Japan are expected. © 2018 by the authors.},
note = {cited By 3},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Shen2018904b,
title = {Evaluating the Performance of Household Liquefied Petroleum Gas Cookstoves},
author = {G Shen and M D Hays and K R Smith and C Williams and J W Faircloth and J J Jetter},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85041463615&doi=10.1021%2facs.est.7b05155&partnerID=40&md5=ea8acec257fefd9b0bd484ff9cbeb49b},
doi = {10.1021/acs.est.7b05155},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
volume = {52},
number = {2},
pages = {904-915},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookstoves are considered to be an important solution for mitigating household air pollution; however, their performance has rarely been evaluated. To fill the data and knowledge gaps in this important area, 89 laboratory tests were conducted to quantify efficiencies and pollutant emissions from five commercially available household LPG stoves under different burning conditions. The mean thermal efficiency (±standard deviation) for the tested LPG cookstoves was 51 ± 6%, meeting guidelines for the highest tier level (Tier 4) under the International Organization for Standardization, International Workshop Agreement 11. Emission factors of CO2, CO, THC, CH4, and NOx on the basis of useful energy delivered (MJd) were 142 ± 17, 0.77 ± 0.55, 130 ± 196, 5.6 ± 8.2, and 46 ± 9 mg/MJd, respectively. Approximately 90% of the PM2.5 data were below the detection limit, corresponding to an emission rate below 0.11 mg/min. For those data above the detection limit, the average emission factor was 2.4 ± 1.6 mg/MJd, with a mean emission rate of 0.20 ± 0.16 mg/min. Under the specified gas pressure (2.8 kPa), but with the burner control set to minimum air flow rate, less complete combustion resulted in a visually yellow flame, and CO, PM2.5, EC, and BC emissions all increased. LPG cookstoves met guidelines for Tier 4 for both CO and PM2.5 emissions and mostly met the World Health Organization Emission Rate Targets set to protect human health. © 2017 American Chemical Society.},
note = {cited By 6},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}