This is a repository of (only) journal articles related to air pollution covering all the key subjects like emission inventories, emission factors, dispersion modeling, source apportionment, health impact studies, energy scenarios, etc. While the list is populated with India specific papers, a number of interesting and useful papers from other countries are also included. Follow the article links to the journal pages for full articles.
If you want to search the metadata of the papers,click here. Note that this is a repository of papers which we found interesting and we are sharing the title, abstract, and link to only those articles here.
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Chowdhury, S; Dey, S; Smith, K R Ambient PM2.5 exposure and expected premature mortality to 2100 in India under climate change scenarios Journal Article Nature Communications, 9 (1), 2018, (cited By 4). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: age distribution; article; climate change; economic development; human; India; premature mortality, ambient air; climate change; economic growth; mortality; particulate matter; pollution exposure; satellite data; socioeconomic conditions, India @article{Chowdhury2018,
title = {Ambient PM2.5 exposure and expected premature mortality to 2100 in India under climate change scenarios}, author = {S Chowdhury and S Dey and K R Smith}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85041011797&doi=10.1038%2fs41467-017-02755-y&partnerID=40&md5=0e9f53118c6e08a9bb73108fa95fc0c9}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-017-02755-y}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Nature Communications}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, abstract = {Premature mortality from current ambient fine particulate (PM2.5) exposure in India is large, but the trend under climate change is unclear. Here we estimate ambient PM2.5 exposure up to 2100 by applying the relative changes in PM2.5 from baseline period (2001-2005) derived from Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project 5 (CMIP5) models to the satellite-derived baseline PM2.5. We then project the mortality burden using socioeconomic and demographic projections in the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios. Ambient PM2.5 exposure is expected to peak in 2030 under the RCP4.5 and in 2040 under the RCP8.5 scenario. Premature mortality burden is expected to be 2.4-4 and 28.5-38.8% higher under RCP8.5 scenario relative to the RCP4.5 scenario in 2031-2040 and 2091-2100, respectively. Improved health conditions due to economic growth are expected to compensate for the impact of changes in population and age distribution, leading to a reduction in per capita health burden from PM2.5 for all scenarios except the combination of RCP8.5 exposure and SSP3. © 2018 The Author(s).}, note = {cited By 4}, keywords = {age distribution; article; climate change; economic development; human; India; premature mortality, ambient air; climate change; economic growth; mortality; particulate matter; pollution exposure; satellite data; socioeconomic conditions, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Premature mortality from current ambient fine particulate (PM2.5) exposure in India is large, but the trend under climate change is unclear. Here we estimate ambient PM2.5 exposure up to 2100 by applying the relative changes in PM2.5 from baseline period (2001-2005) derived from Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project 5 (CMIP5) models to the satellite-derived baseline PM2.5. We then project the mortality burden using socioeconomic and demographic projections in the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios. Ambient PM2.5 exposure is expected to peak in 2030 under the RCP4.5 and in 2040 under the RCP8.5 scenario. Premature mortality burden is expected to be 2.4-4 and 28.5-38.8% higher under RCP8.5 scenario relative to the RCP4.5 scenario in 2031-2040 and 2091-2100, respectively. Improved health conditions due to economic growth are expected to compensate for the impact of changes in population and age distribution, leading to a reduction in per capita health burden from PM2.5 for all scenarios except the combination of RCP8.5 exposure and SSP3. © 2018 The Author(s).
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Purohit, I; Purohit, P Performance assessment of grid-interactive solar photovoltaic projects under India’s national solar mission Journal Article Applied Energy, 222 , pp. 25-41, 2018, (cited By 0). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Capacity utilization; Global horizontal irradiance; Levelized cost of electricities; National solar missions; Solar photovoltaics, cost analysis; database; irradiance; performance assessment; photovoltaic system; power plant; project assessment; software; solar power; solar radiation; technical efficiency, Cost benefit analysis; Database systems; Developing countries; Energy conversion; Energy dissipation; Solar concentrators; Solar energy; Solar radiation, India, Solar power generation @article{Purohit201825,
title = {Performance assessment of grid-interactive solar photovoltaic projects under India’s national solar mission}, author = {I Purohit and P Purohit}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85044932923&doi=10.1016%2fj.apenergy.2018.03.135&partnerID=40&md5=cf853eac384345573b107822339ca66b}, doi = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.135}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Applied Energy}, volume = {222}, pages = {25-41}, publisher = {Elsevier Ltd}, abstract = {Lack of long-term global solar radiation data has often been a significant challenge to the solar power sector development primarily in developing countries. The choice of a solar radiation database is projected to have a considerable impact on the predicted performance of a solar power project and consequently on its techno-commercial viability. Therefore, use of reliable and well- characterized solar radiation data source is important for bankability of solar power projects. This study presents the technical and economic performance evaluation of grid-interactive solar photovoltaic (PV) projects implemented under the first phase of India’s national solar mission. For performance assessment, we compare annual energy yield predictions using several solar radiation databases and monitored data of 39 solar PV power plants located across the country. Technical simulations have been carried out for each project location using static and dynamic solar irradiance data obtained from various databases available in the Indian context. PVSYST software has been used for energy yield assessment of solar PV projects after taking into account the key design and technical parameters and associated energy losses during solar energy conversion. The inter-comparability of capacity utilization factor and levelized cost of electricity of operational solar PV projects have also been analyzed with the estimates obtained through different solar radiation databases. Mutual deviation for the techno-economic performance of solar PV projects varied from −12% to 31% for the projects under the first phase of India’s solar mission. Our study indicates that the long-term measured or high-resolution time series databases should be preferred for the bankability of solar power projects. Further, solar power policies of the country must provide clear guidelines for selection of solar radiation databases to enhance their bankability. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd}, note = {cited By 0}, keywords = {Capacity utilization; Global horizontal irradiance; Levelized cost of electricities; National solar missions; Solar photovoltaics, cost analysis; database; irradiance; performance assessment; photovoltaic system; power plant; project assessment; software; solar power; solar radiation; technical efficiency, Cost benefit analysis; Database systems; Developing countries; Energy conversion; Energy dissipation; Solar concentrators; Solar energy; Solar radiation, India, Solar power generation}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Lack of long-term global solar radiation data has often been a significant challenge to the solar power sector development primarily in developing countries. The choice of a solar radiation database is projected to have a considerable impact on the predicted performance of a solar power project and consequently on its techno-commercial viability. Therefore, use of reliable and well- characterized solar radiation data source is important for bankability of solar power projects. This study presents the technical and economic performance evaluation of grid-interactive solar photovoltaic (PV) projects implemented under the first phase of India’s national solar mission. For performance assessment, we compare annual energy yield predictions using several solar radiation databases and monitored data of 39 solar PV power plants located across the country. Technical simulations have been carried out for each project location using static and dynamic solar irradiance data obtained from various databases available in the Indian context. PVSYST software has been used for energy yield assessment of solar PV projects after taking into account the key design and technical parameters and associated energy losses during solar energy conversion. The inter-comparability of capacity utilization factor and levelized cost of electricity of operational solar PV projects have also been analyzed with the estimates obtained through different solar radiation databases. Mutual deviation for the techno-economic performance of solar PV projects varied from −12% to 31% for the projects under the first phase of India’s solar mission. Our study indicates that the long-term measured or high-resolution time series databases should be preferred for the bankability of solar power projects. Further, solar power policies of the country must provide clear guidelines for selection of solar radiation databases to enhance their bankability. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
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Chatani, S; Sharma, S Uncertainties Caused by Major Meteorological Analysis Data Sets in Simulating Air Quality Over India Journal Article Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123 (11), pp. 6230-6247, 2018, (cited By 0). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: air quality; atmospheric pollution; concentration (composition); data set; meteorology; pollutant transport; relative humidity; simulation; uncertainty analysis, India @article{Chatani20186230,
title = {Uncertainties Caused by Major Meteorological Analysis Data Sets in Simulating Air Quality Over India}, author = {S Chatani and S Sharma}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85048982908&doi=10.1029%2f2017JD027502&partnerID=40&md5=9c0ab11e16c06cd83ff5b8481f75b1a3}, doi = {10.1029/2017JD027502}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres}, volume = {123}, number = {11}, pages = {6230-6247}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, abstract = {Many places in India suffer from severe air pollution. Regional air quality simulations are essential to develop effective strategies for improving air quality, considering the nonlinear relationships between ambient pollutants and their precursor emissions. Meteorological fields used in simulations are derived from regional meteorological models with analysis data sets as inputs. This study reveals that two major analysis data sets provided by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) cause significant differences in simulated meteorological fields over India. Especially, relative humidity values simulated using the ECMWF data set are much higher and closer to the observed values than those simulated using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction data set. Results simulated using the ECMWF data set show better model performance for most meteorological parameters over India. Differences in relative humidity originate in the data contained in the analysis data sets through grid nudging. It is not possible to avoid this underestimation by simply turning off grid nudging. The meteorological fields simulated with two major analysis data sets also lead to differences in pollutant concentrations simulated by regional chemical transport models through various physical and chemical processes. Differences originating in the two analysis data sets could be comparable with the uncertainties originating in various emission inventories in some regions and seasons in India. However, discrepancies between observed and simulated pollutant concentrations cannot be explained only by differences of the meteorological fields. Other aspects need to be explored for better performance required to develop effective strategies for India, based on accurate regional air quality simulations. ©2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.}, note = {cited By 0}, keywords = {air quality; atmospheric pollution; concentration (composition); data set; meteorology; pollutant transport; relative humidity; simulation; uncertainty analysis, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Many places in India suffer from severe air pollution. Regional air quality simulations are essential to develop effective strategies for improving air quality, considering the nonlinear relationships between ambient pollutants and their precursor emissions. Meteorological fields used in simulations are derived from regional meteorological models with analysis data sets as inputs. This study reveals that two major analysis data sets provided by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) cause significant differences in simulated meteorological fields over India. Especially, relative humidity values simulated using the ECMWF data set are much higher and closer to the observed values than those simulated using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction data set. Results simulated using the ECMWF data set show better model performance for most meteorological parameters over India. Differences in relative humidity originate in the data contained in the analysis data sets through grid nudging. It is not possible to avoid this underestimation by simply turning off grid nudging. The meteorological fields simulated with two major analysis data sets also lead to differences in pollutant concentrations simulated by regional chemical transport models through various physical and chemical processes. Differences originating in the two analysis data sets could be comparable with the uncertainties originating in various emission inventories in some regions and seasons in India. However, discrepancies between observed and simulated pollutant concentrations cannot be explained only by differences of the meteorological fields. Other aspects need to be explored for better performance required to develop effective strategies for India, based on accurate regional air quality simulations. ©2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
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Venkataraman, C; Brauer, M; Tibrewal, K; Sadavarte, P; Ma, Q; Cohen, A; Chaliyakunnel, S; Frostad, J; Klimont, Z; Martin, R V; Millet, D B; Philip, S; Walker, K; Wang, S Source influence on emission pathways and ambient PM2.5 pollution over India (2015-2050) Journal Article Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18 (11), pp. 8017-8039, 2018, (cited By 2). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: air quality; ambient air; anthropogenic source; atmospheric pollution; concentration (composition); emission; particulate matter; pollution exposure, India @article{Venkataraman20188017,
title = {Source influence on emission pathways and ambient PM2.5 pollution over India (2015-2050)}, author = {C Venkataraman and M Brauer and K Tibrewal and P Sadavarte and Q Ma and A Cohen and S Chaliyakunnel and J Frostad and Z Klimont and R V Martin and D B Millet and S Philip and K Walker and S Wang}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85048398705&doi=10.5194%2facp-18-8017-2018&partnerID=40&md5=b5a118c899d36c17bfa480d60406c472}, doi = {10.5194/acp-18-8017-2018}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, volume = {18}, number = {11}, pages = {8017-8039}, publisher = {Copernicus GmbH}, abstract = {India is currently experiencing degraded air quality, and future economic development will lead to challenges for air quality management. Scenarios of sectoral emissions of fine particulate matter and its precursors were developed and evaluated for 2015-2050, under specific pathways of diffusion of cleaner and more energy-efficient technologies. The impacts of individual source sectors on PM2.5 concentrations were assessed through systematic simulations of spatially and temporally resolved particulate matter concentrations, using the GEOS-Chem model, followed by population-weighted aggregation to national and state levels. We find that PM2.5 pollution is a pan-India problem, with a regional character, and is not limited to urban areas or megacities. Under present-day emissions, levels in most states exceeded the national PM2.5 annual standard (40 μg mg-3). Sources related to human activities were responsible for the largest proportion of the present-day population exposure to PM2.5 in India. About 60 % of India’s mean population-weighted PM2.5 concentrations come from anthropogenic source sectors, while the remainder are from other sources, windblown dust and extra-regional sources. Leading contributors are residential biomass combustion, power plant and industrial coal combustion and anthropogenic dust (including coal fly ash, fugitive road dust and waste burning). Transportation, brick production and distributed diesel were other contributors to PM2.5. Future evolution of emissions under regulations set at current levels and promulgated levels caused further deterioration of air quality in 2030 and 2050. Under an ambitious prospective policy scenario, promoting very large shifts away from traditional biomass technologies and coal-based electricity generation, significant reductions in PM2.5 levels are achievable in 2030 and 2050. Effective mitigation of future air pollution in India requires adoption of aggressive prospective regulation, currently not formulated, for a three-pronged switch away from (i) biomass-fuelled traditional technologies, (ii) industrial coal-burning and (iii) open burning of agricultural residue. Future air pollution is dominated by industrial process emissions, reflecting larger expansion in industrial, rather than residential energy demand. However, even under the most active reductions envisioned, the 2050 mean exposure, excluding any impact from windblown mineral dust, is estimated to be nearly 3 times higher than the WHO Air Quality Guideline. © 2018 Author(s).}, note = {cited By 2}, keywords = {air quality; ambient air; anthropogenic source; atmospheric pollution; concentration (composition); emission; particulate matter; pollution exposure, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } India is currently experiencing degraded air quality, and future economic development will lead to challenges for air quality management. Scenarios of sectoral emissions of fine particulate matter and its precursors were developed and evaluated for 2015-2050, under specific pathways of diffusion of cleaner and more energy-efficient technologies. The impacts of individual source sectors on PM2.5 concentrations were assessed through systematic simulations of spatially and temporally resolved particulate matter concentrations, using the GEOS-Chem model, followed by population-weighted aggregation to national and state levels. We find that PM2.5 pollution is a pan-India problem, with a regional character, and is not limited to urban areas or megacities. Under present-day emissions, levels in most states exceeded the national PM2.5 annual standard (40 μg mg-3). Sources related to human activities were responsible for the largest proportion of the present-day population exposure to PM2.5 in India. About 60 % of India’s mean population-weighted PM2.5 concentrations come from anthropogenic source sectors, while the remainder are from other sources, windblown dust and extra-regional sources. Leading contributors are residential biomass combustion, power plant and industrial coal combustion and anthropogenic dust (including coal fly ash, fugitive road dust and waste burning). Transportation, brick production and distributed diesel were other contributors to PM2.5. Future evolution of emissions under regulations set at current levels and promulgated levels caused further deterioration of air quality in 2030 and 2050. Under an ambitious prospective policy scenario, promoting very large shifts away from traditional biomass technologies and coal-based electricity generation, significant reductions in PM2.5 levels are achievable in 2030 and 2050. Effective mitigation of future air pollution in India requires adoption of aggressive prospective regulation, currently not formulated, for a three-pronged switch away from (i) biomass-fuelled traditional technologies, (ii) industrial coal-burning and (iii) open burning of agricultural residue. Future air pollution is dominated by industrial process emissions, reflecting larger expansion in industrial, rather than residential energy demand. However, even under the most active reductions envisioned, the 2050 mean exposure, excluding any impact from windblown mineral dust, is estimated to be nearly 3 times higher than the WHO Air Quality Guideline. © 2018 Author(s).
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Dey, S On the theoretical aspects of improved fog detection and prediction in India Journal Article Atmospheric Research, 202 , pp. 77-80, 2018, (cited By 2). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Aerosol concentration; Brightness temperature difference; Droplet number; Fog forecasting; Indo-Gangetic basin; Liquid water content; Surface emissivity; Theoretical aspects, aerosol; brightness temperature; detection method; droplet; emissivity; fog; prediction; satellite data; theoretical study, Drops; Forecasting; Visibility, Fog, India @article{Dey201877,
title = {On the theoretical aspects of improved fog detection and prediction in India}, author = {S Dey}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034083902&doi=10.1016%2fj.atmosres.2017.11.018&partnerID=40&md5=930437ab369978196f5a626d7e9458b2}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.11.018}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Research}, volume = {202}, pages = {77-80}, publisher = {Elsevier Ltd}, abstract = {The polluted Indo-Gangetic Basin (IGB) in northern India experiences fog (a condition when visibility degrades below 1 km) every winter (Dec-Jan) causing a massive loss of economy and even loss of life due to accidents. This can be minimized by improved fog detection (especially at night) and forecasting so that activities can be reorganized accordingly. Satellites detect fog at night by a positive brightness temperature difference (BTD). However, fixing the right BTD threshold holds the key to accuracy. Here I demonstrate the sensitivity of BTD in response to changes in fog and surface emissivity and their temperatures and justify a new BTD threshold. Further I quantify the dependence of critical fog droplet number concentration, NF (i.e. minimum fog concentration required to degrade visibility below 1 km) on liquid water content (LWC). NF decreases exponentially with an increase in LWC from 0.01 to 1 g/m3, beyond which it stabilizes. A 10 times low bias in simulated LWC below 1 g/m3 would require 107 times higher aerosol concentration to form the required number of fog droplets. These results provide the theoretical aspects that will help improving the existing fog detection algorithm and fog forecasting by numerical models in India. © 2017}, note = {cited By 2}, keywords = {Aerosol concentration; Brightness temperature difference; Droplet number; Fog forecasting; Indo-Gangetic basin; Liquid water content; Surface emissivity; Theoretical aspects, aerosol; brightness temperature; detection method; droplet; emissivity; fog; prediction; satellite data; theoretical study, Drops; Forecasting; Visibility, Fog, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The polluted Indo-Gangetic Basin (IGB) in northern India experiences fog (a condition when visibility degrades below 1 km) every winter (Dec-Jan) causing a massive loss of economy and even loss of life due to accidents. This can be minimized by improved fog detection (especially at night) and forecasting so that activities can be reorganized accordingly. Satellites detect fog at night by a positive brightness temperature difference (BTD). However, fixing the right BTD threshold holds the key to accuracy. Here I demonstrate the sensitivity of BTD in response to changes in fog and surface emissivity and their temperatures and justify a new BTD threshold. Further I quantify the dependence of critical fog droplet number concentration, NF (i.e. minimum fog concentration required to degrade visibility below 1 km) on liquid water content (LWC). NF decreases exponentially with an increase in LWC from 0.01 to 1 g/m3, beyond which it stabilizes. A 10 times low bias in simulated LWC below 1 g/m3 would require 107 times higher aerosol concentration to form the required number of fog droplets. These results provide the theoretical aspects that will help improving the existing fog detection algorithm and fog forecasting by numerical models in India. © 2017
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Lu, X; Zhang, L; Liu, X; Gao, M; Zhao, Y; Shao, J Lower tropospheric ozone over India and its linkage to the South Asian monsoon Journal Article Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18 (5), pp. 3101-3118, 2018, (cited By 2). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: air quality; annual variation; atmospheric modeling; atmospheric transport; biomass burning; computer simulation; concentration (composition); monitoring system; monsoon; nitrogen oxides; numerical model; ozone; spatial distribution; tropical region; troposphere, India @article{Lu20183101,
title = {Lower tropospheric ozone over India and its linkage to the South Asian monsoon}, author = {X Lu and L Zhang and X Liu and M Gao and Y Zhao and J Shao}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042946218&doi=10.5194%2facp-18-3101-2018&partnerID=40&md5=ac1f8c5c06ba2309be1d09035a00e7a4}, doi = {10.5194/acp-18-3101-2018}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, volume = {18}, number = {5}, pages = {3101-3118}, publisher = {Copernicus GmbH}, abstract = {Lower tropospheric (surface to 600 hPa) ozone over India poses serious risks to both human health and crops, and potentially affects global ozone distribution through frequent deep convection in tropical regions. Our current understanding of the processes controlling seasonal and long-term variations in lower tropospheric ozone over this region is rather limited due to spatially and temporally sparse observations. Here we present an integrated process analysis of the seasonal cycle, interannual variability, and long-term trends of lower tropospheric ozone over India and its linkage to the South Asian monsoon using the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite observations for years 2006-2014 interpreted with a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) simulation for 1990- 2010. OMI observed lower tropospheric ozone over India averaged for 2006-2010, showing the highest concentrations (54.1 ppbv) in the pre-summer monsoon season (May) and the lowest concentrations (40.5 ppbv) in the summer monsoon season (August). Process analyses in GEOS-Chem show that hot and dry meteorological conditions and active biomass burning together contribute to 5.8 Tg more ozone being produced in the lower troposphere in India in May than January. The onset of the summer monsoon brings ozone-unfavorable meteorological conditions and strong upward transport, which all lead to large decreases in the lower tropospheric ozone burden. Interannually, we find that both OMI and GEOS-Chem indicate strong positive correlations (r = 0:55-0.58) between ozone and surface temperature in pre-summer monsoon seasons, with larger correlations found in high NOx emission regions reflecting NOx-limited production conditions. Summer monsoon seasonal mean ozone levels are strongly controlled by monsoon strengths. Lower ozone concentrations are found in stronger monsoon seasons mainly due to less ozone net chemical production. Furthermore, model simulations over 1990-2010 estimate a mean annual trend of 0.19±0.07 (p value<0.01) ppbv yr1 in Indian lower tropospheric ozone over this period, which are mainly driven by increases in anthropogenic emissions with a small contribution (about 7 %) from global methane concentration increases. © Author(s) 2018.}, note = {cited By 2}, keywords = {air quality; annual variation; atmospheric modeling; atmospheric transport; biomass burning; computer simulation; concentration (composition); monitoring system; monsoon; nitrogen oxides; numerical model; ozone; spatial distribution; tropical region; troposphere, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Lower tropospheric (surface to 600 hPa) ozone over India poses serious risks to both human health and crops, and potentially affects global ozone distribution through frequent deep convection in tropical regions. Our current understanding of the processes controlling seasonal and long-term variations in lower tropospheric ozone over this region is rather limited due to spatially and temporally sparse observations. Here we present an integrated process analysis of the seasonal cycle, interannual variability, and long-term trends of lower tropospheric ozone over India and its linkage to the South Asian monsoon using the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite observations for years 2006-2014 interpreted with a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) simulation for 1990- 2010. OMI observed lower tropospheric ozone over India averaged for 2006-2010, showing the highest concentrations (54.1 ppbv) in the pre-summer monsoon season (May) and the lowest concentrations (40.5 ppbv) in the summer monsoon season (August). Process analyses in GEOS-Chem show that hot and dry meteorological conditions and active biomass burning together contribute to 5.8 Tg more ozone being produced in the lower troposphere in India in May than January. The onset of the summer monsoon brings ozone-unfavorable meteorological conditions and strong upward transport, which all lead to large decreases in the lower tropospheric ozone burden. Interannually, we find that both OMI and GEOS-Chem indicate strong positive correlations (r = 0:55-0.58) between ozone and surface temperature in pre-summer monsoon seasons, with larger correlations found in high NOx emission regions reflecting NOx-limited production conditions. Summer monsoon seasonal mean ozone levels are strongly controlled by monsoon strengths. Lower ozone concentrations are found in stronger monsoon seasons mainly due to less ozone net chemical production. Furthermore, model simulations over 1990-2010 estimate a mean annual trend of 0.19±0.07 (p value<0.01) ppbv yr1 in Indian lower tropospheric ozone over this period, which are mainly driven by increases in anthropogenic emissions with a small contribution (about 7 %) from global methane concentration increases. © Author(s) 2018.
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Gollapalli, M; Kota, S H Methane emissions from a landfill in north-east India: Performance of various landfill gas emission models Journal Article Environmental Pollution, 234 , pp. 174-180, 2018, (cited By 2). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Air Pollutants; Carbon Dioxide; India; Methane; Models, Article; carbon footprint; environmental temperature; India; landfill; municipal solid waste; prediction; seasonal variation; simulation; soil moisture; air pollutant; analysis; season; temperature; theoretical model; waste disposal facility, Average emission rate; Chamber method; Correlation coefficient; In-situ observations; Landfill gas emissions; Landgem; Municipal solid waste generation; Waste management practices, Biodegradation; Biogas; Carbon dioxide; Economics; Forecasting; Greenhouse gases; Land fill; Methane; Municipal solid waste; Nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide; carbon emission; landfill; methane; model; municipal solid waste; performance assessment, carbon dioxide; methane; carbon dioxide; methane, Gas emissions, India, Theoretical; Seasons; Temperature; Waste Disposal Facilities @article{Gollapalli2018174,
title = {Methane emissions from a landfill in north-east India: Performance of various landfill gas emission models}, author = {M Gollapalli and S H Kota}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034748876&doi=10.1016%2fj.envpol.2017.11.064&partnerID=40&md5=9dfec6936b04f17312d418824f1af8d3}, doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.064}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {234}, pages = {174-180}, publisher = {Elsevier Ltd}, abstract = {Rapid urbanization and economic growth has led to significant increase in municipal solid waste generation in India during the last few decades and its management has become a major issue because of poor waste management practices. Solid waste generated is deposited into open dumping sites with hardly any segregation and processing. Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are the major greenhouse gases that are released from the landfill sites due to the biodegradation of organic matter. In this present study, CH4 and CO2 emissions from a landfill in north-east India are estimated using a flux chamber during September, 2015 to August, 2016. The average emission rates of CH4 and CO2 are 68 and 92 mg/min/m2, respectively. The emissions are highest in the summer whilst being lowest in winter. The diurnal variation of emissions indicated that the emissions follow a trend similar to temperature in all the seasons. Correlation coefficients of CH4 and temperature in summer, monsoon and winter are 0.99, 0.87 and 0.97, respectively. The measured CH4 in this study is in the range of other studies around the world. Modified Triangular Method (MTM), IPCC model and the USEPA Landfill gas emissions model (LandGEM) were used to predict the CH4 emissions during the study year. The consequent simulation results indicate that the MTM, LandGEM-Clean Air Act, LandGEM-Inventory and IPCC models predict 1.9, 3.3, 1.6 and 1.4 times of the measured CH4 emission flux in this study. Assuming that this higher prediction of CH4 levels observed in this study holds well for other landfills in this region, a new CH4 emission inventory (Units: Tonnes/year), with a resolution of 0.10 × 0.10 has been developed. This study stresses the importance of biodegradable composition of waste and meteorology, and also points out the drawbacks of the widely used landfill emission models. Predictions from commonly used landfill gas emission models were compared to in-situ observations. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd}, note = {cited By 2}, keywords = {Air Pollutants; Carbon Dioxide; India; Methane; Models, Article; carbon footprint; environmental temperature; India; landfill; municipal solid waste; prediction; seasonal variation; simulation; soil moisture; air pollutant; analysis; season; temperature; theoretical model; waste disposal facility, Average emission rate; Chamber method; Correlation coefficient; In-situ observations; Landfill gas emissions; Landgem; Municipal solid waste generation; Waste management practices, Biodegradation; Biogas; Carbon dioxide; Economics; Forecasting; Greenhouse gases; Land fill; Methane; Municipal solid waste; Nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide; carbon emission; landfill; methane; model; municipal solid waste; performance assessment, carbon dioxide; methane; carbon dioxide; methane, Gas emissions, India, Theoretical; Seasons; Temperature; Waste Disposal Facilities}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Rapid urbanization and economic growth has led to significant increase in municipal solid waste generation in India during the last few decades and its management has become a major issue because of poor waste management practices. Solid waste generated is deposited into open dumping sites with hardly any segregation and processing. Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are the major greenhouse gases that are released from the landfill sites due to the biodegradation of organic matter. In this present study, CH4 and CO2 emissions from a landfill in north-east India are estimated using a flux chamber during September, 2015 to August, 2016. The average emission rates of CH4 and CO2 are 68 and 92 mg/min/m2, respectively. The emissions are highest in the summer whilst being lowest in winter. The diurnal variation of emissions indicated that the emissions follow a trend similar to temperature in all the seasons. Correlation coefficients of CH4 and temperature in summer, monsoon and winter are 0.99, 0.87 and 0.97, respectively. The measured CH4 in this study is in the range of other studies around the world. Modified Triangular Method (MTM), IPCC model and the USEPA Landfill gas emissions model (LandGEM) were used to predict the CH4 emissions during the study year. The consequent simulation results indicate that the MTM, LandGEM-Clean Air Act, LandGEM-Inventory and IPCC models predict 1.9, 3.3, 1.6 and 1.4 times of the measured CH4 emission flux in this study. Assuming that this higher prediction of CH4 levels observed in this study holds well for other landfills in this region, a new CH4 emission inventory (Units: Tonnes/year), with a resolution of 0.10 × 0.10 has been developed. This study stresses the importance of biodegradable composition of waste and meteorology, and also points out the drawbacks of the widely used landfill emission models. Predictions from commonly used landfill gas emission models were compared to in-situ observations. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
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Karambelas, A; Holloway, T; Kiesewetter, G; Heyes, C Constraining the uncertainty in emissions over India with a regional air quality model evaluation Journal Article Atmospheric Environment, 174 , pp. 194-203, 2018, (cited By 2). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Air pollution, air pollution control; air quality; Article; climate; combustion; exhaust gas; greenhouse gas; India; meteorology; model; population density; priority journal; rural area; simulation; surface property; urban area, air quality; anthropogenic effect; atmospheric pollution; concentration (composition); emission inventory; environmental modeling; environmental monitoring; greenhouse gas; nitrogen oxides; satellite altimetry; spatial distribution; uncertainty analysis; urban pollution, Air quality; Climate models; Environmental Protection Agency; Gas emissions; Greenhouse gases; Models; Nitrogen oxides; Particulate emissions; Pollution; Pollution control; Quality assurance; Quality control; Rural areas; Satellites; Troposphere; Ultraviolet spectrometers, Anthropogenic emissions; Central pollution control boards; Community multi-scale air qualities; Densely populated regions; India; Ozone monitoring instruments; Regional air quality modeling; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, India, nitrogen dioxide @article{Karambelas2018194,
title = {Constraining the uncertainty in emissions over India with a regional air quality model evaluation}, author = {A Karambelas and T Holloway and G Kiesewetter and C Heyes}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85036511314&doi=10.1016%2fj.atmosenv.2017.11.052&partnerID=40&md5=32501af16d56bd9c2bd373427946f4d4}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.052}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {174}, pages = {194-203}, publisher = {Elsevier Ltd}, abstract = {To evaluate uncertainty in the spatial distribution of air emissions over India, we compare satellite and surface observations with simulations from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Seasonally representative simulations were completed for January, April, July, and October 2010 at 36 km × 36 km using anthropogenic emissions from the Greenhouse Gas-Air Pollution Interaction and Synergies (GAINS) model following version 5a of the Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants project (ECLIPSE v5a). We use both tropospheric columns from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and surface observations from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) to closely examine modeled nitrogen dioxide (NO2) biases in urban and rural regions across India. Spatial average evaluation with satellite retrievals indicate a low bias in the modeled tropospheric column (−63.3%), which reflects broad low-biases in majority non-urban regions (−70.1% in rural areas) across the sub-continent to slightly lesser low biases reflected in semi-urban areas (−44.7%), with the threshold between semi-urban and rural defined as 400 people per km2. In contrast, modeled surface NO2 concentrations exhibit a slight high bias of +15.6% when compared to surface CPCB observations predominantly located in urban areas. Conversely, in examining extremely population dense urban regions with more than 5000 people per km2 (dense-urban), we find model overestimates in both the column (+57.8) and at the surface (+131.2%) compared to observations. Based on these results, we find that existing emission fields for India may overestimate urban emissions in densely populated regions and underestimate rural emissions. However, if we rely on model evaluation with predominantly urban surface observations from the CPCB, comparisons reflect model high biases, contradictory to the knowledge gained using satellite observations. Satellites thus serve as an important emissions and model evaluation metric where surface observations are lacking, such as rural India, and support improved emissions inventory development. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd}, note = {cited By 2}, keywords = {Air pollution, air pollution control; air quality; Article; climate; combustion; exhaust gas; greenhouse gas; India; meteorology; model; population density; priority journal; rural area; simulation; surface property; urban area, air quality; anthropogenic effect; atmospheric pollution; concentration (composition); emission inventory; environmental modeling; environmental monitoring; greenhouse gas; nitrogen oxides; satellite altimetry; spatial distribution; uncertainty analysis; urban pollution, Air quality; Climate models; Environmental Protection Agency; Gas emissions; Greenhouse gases; Models; Nitrogen oxides; Particulate emissions; Pollution; Pollution control; Quality assurance; Quality control; Rural areas; Satellites; Troposphere; Ultraviolet spectrometers, Anthropogenic emissions; Central pollution control boards; Community multi-scale air qualities; Densely populated regions; India; Ozone monitoring instruments; Regional air quality modeling; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, India, nitrogen dioxide}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } To evaluate uncertainty in the spatial distribution of air emissions over India, we compare satellite and surface observations with simulations from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Seasonally representative simulations were completed for January, April, July, and October 2010 at 36 km × 36 km using anthropogenic emissions from the Greenhouse Gas-Air Pollution Interaction and Synergies (GAINS) model following version 5a of the Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants project (ECLIPSE v5a). We use both tropospheric columns from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and surface observations from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) to closely examine modeled nitrogen dioxide (NO2) biases in urban and rural regions across India. Spatial average evaluation with satellite retrievals indicate a low bias in the modeled tropospheric column (−63.3%), which reflects broad low-biases in majority non-urban regions (−70.1% in rural areas) across the sub-continent to slightly lesser low biases reflected in semi-urban areas (−44.7%), with the threshold between semi-urban and rural defined as 400 people per km2. In contrast, modeled surface NO2 concentrations exhibit a slight high bias of +15.6% when compared to surface CPCB observations predominantly located in urban areas. Conversely, in examining extremely population dense urban regions with more than 5000 people per km2 (dense-urban), we find model overestimates in both the column (+57.8) and at the surface (+131.2%) compared to observations. Based on these results, we find that existing emission fields for India may overestimate urban emissions in densely populated regions and underestimate rural emissions. However, if we rely on model evaluation with predominantly urban surface observations from the CPCB, comparisons reflect model high biases, contradictory to the knowledge gained using satellite observations. Satellites thus serve as an important emissions and model evaluation metric where surface observations are lacking, such as rural India, and support improved emissions inventory development. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
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Pandey, A; Patel, S; Pervez, S; Tiwari, S; Yadama, G; Chow, J C; Watson, J G; Biswas, P; Chakrabarty, R K Aerosol emissions factors from traditional biomass cookstoves in India: Insights from field measurements Journal Article Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17 (22), pp. 13721-13729, 2017, (cited By 0). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: aerosol; biomass burning; combustion; cooking appliance; emission inventory; fuel consumption; fuelwood; pollutant source, India @article{Pandey201713721,
title = {Aerosol emissions factors from traditional biomass cookstoves in India: Insights from field measurements}, author = {A Pandey and S Patel and S Pervez and S Tiwari and G Yadama and J C Chow and J G Watson and P Biswas and R K Chakrabarty}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034635478&doi=10.5194%2facp-17-13721-2017&partnerID=40&md5=2f334d7936ca2533729b5c4aaec6ec21}, doi = {10.5194/acp-17-13721-2017}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, volume = {17}, number = {22}, pages = {13721-13729}, publisher = {Copernicus GmbH}, abstract = {Residential solid biomass cookstoves are important sources of aerosol emissions in India. Cookstove emissions rates are largely based on laboratory experiments conducted using the standard water-boiling test, but real-world emissions are often higher owing to different stove designs, fuels, and cooking methods. Constraining mass emissions factors (EFs) for prevalent cookstoves is important because they serve as inputs to bottom-up emissions inventories used to evaluate health and climate impacts. Real-world EFs were measured during winter 2015 for a traditional cookstove (chulha) burning fuel wood, agricultural residue, and dung from different regions of India. Average (±95% confidence interval) EFs for fuel wood, agricultural residue, and dung were (1) PM2.5 mass: 10.5 (7.7-13.4) g kg-1, 11.1 (7.7-15.5) g kg-1, and 22.6 (14.9-32.9) g kg-1, respectively; (2) elemental carbon (EC): 0.9 (0.6-1.4) g kg-1, 1.6 (0.6-3.0) g kg-1, and 1.0 (0.4-2.0) g kg-1, respectively; and (3) organic carbon (OC): 4.9 (3.2-7.1) g kg-1, 7.0 (3.5-12.5) g kg-1, and 12.9 (4.2-15.01) g kg-1, respectively. The mean (±95% confidence interval) OC= EC mass ratios were 6.5 (4.5-9.1), 7.6 (4.4-12.2), and 12.7 (6.5-23.3), respectively, with OC and EC quantified by the IMPROVE-A thermal-optical reflectance protocol. These real-world EFs are higher than those from previous laboratory-based measurements. Combustion conditions have larger effects on EFs than the fuel types. We also report the carbon mass fractions of our aerosol samples determined using the thermal-optical reflectance method. The mass fraction profiles are consistent between the three fuel categories but markedly different from those reported in past literature-including the source profiles for wood stove PM2.5 emissions developed as inputs to receptor modeling studies conducted by the Central Pollution Control Board of India. Thermally stable OC (OC3 in the IMPROVE-A protocol) contributed nearly 50% of the total carbon mass for emissions from all fuels. © 2017 Author(s).}, note = {cited By 0}, keywords = {aerosol; biomass burning; combustion; cooking appliance; emission inventory; fuel consumption; fuelwood; pollutant source, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Residential solid biomass cookstoves are important sources of aerosol emissions in India. Cookstove emissions rates are largely based on laboratory experiments conducted using the standard water-boiling test, but real-world emissions are often higher owing to different stove designs, fuels, and cooking methods. Constraining mass emissions factors (EFs) for prevalent cookstoves is important because they serve as inputs to bottom-up emissions inventories used to evaluate health and climate impacts. Real-world EFs were measured during winter 2015 for a traditional cookstove (chulha) burning fuel wood, agricultural residue, and dung from different regions of India. Average (±95% confidence interval) EFs for fuel wood, agricultural residue, and dung were (1) PM2.5 mass: 10.5 (7.7-13.4) g kg-1, 11.1 (7.7-15.5) g kg-1, and 22.6 (14.9-32.9) g kg-1, respectively; (2) elemental carbon (EC): 0.9 (0.6-1.4) g kg-1, 1.6 (0.6-3.0) g kg-1, and 1.0 (0.4-2.0) g kg-1, respectively; and (3) organic carbon (OC): 4.9 (3.2-7.1) g kg-1, 7.0 (3.5-12.5) g kg-1, and 12.9 (4.2-15.01) g kg-1, respectively. The mean (±95% confidence interval) OC= EC mass ratios were 6.5 (4.5-9.1), 7.6 (4.4-12.2), and 12.7 (6.5-23.3), respectively, with OC and EC quantified by the IMPROVE-A thermal-optical reflectance protocol. These real-world EFs are higher than those from previous laboratory-based measurements. Combustion conditions have larger effects on EFs than the fuel types. We also report the carbon mass fractions of our aerosol samples determined using the thermal-optical reflectance method. The mass fraction profiles are consistent between the three fuel categories but markedly different from those reported in past literature-including the source profiles for wood stove PM2.5 emissions developed as inputs to receptor modeling studies conducted by the Central Pollution Control Board of India. Thermally stable OC (OC3 in the IMPROVE-A protocol) contributed nearly 50% of the total carbon mass for emissions from all fuels. © 2017 Author(s).
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Singh, D; Pachauri, S; Zerriffi, H Environmental payoffs of LPG cooking in India Journal Article Environmental Research Letters, 12 (11), 2017, (cited By 5). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Biomass harvesting; Emissions reduction; Energy poverties; Fuelwood; Household expenditure surveys; Indian government; Liquid petroleum gasses (LPG); National initiatives, Biomass; Emission control; Fuels; Harvesting; Liquefied petroleum gas; Surveys; Wood products, cleaner production; emission control; environmental economics; environmental impact assessment; fuelwood; governance approach; household energy; household expenditure; household survey; Kyoto Protocol; liquefied petroleum gas; policy making; poverty; subsidy system, India, Uncertainty analysis @article{Singh2017,
title = {Environmental payoffs of LPG cooking in India}, author = {D Singh and S Pachauri and H Zerriffi}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85036478535&doi=10.1088%2f1748-9326%2faa909d&partnerID=40&md5=558c87b58ad4f15c29b5ccdd9605002c}, doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/aa909d}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Environmental Research Letters}, volume = {12}, number = {11}, publisher = {Institute of Physics Publishing}, abstract = {Over two-thirds of Indians use solid fuels to meet daily cooking energy needs, with associated negative environmental, social, and health impacts. Major national initiatives implemented by the Indian government over the last few decades have included subsidies for cleaner burning fuels like liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and kerosene to encourage a transition to these. However, the extent to which these programs have affected net emissions from the use of these improved fuels has not been adequately studied. Here, we estimate the amount of fuelwood displaced and its net emissions impact due to improved access to LPG for cooking in India between 2001 and 2011 using nationally representative household expenditure surveys and census datasets. We account for a suite of climate-relevant emissions (Kyoto gases and other short-lived climate pollutants) and biomass renewability scenarios (a fully renewable and a conservative non-renewable case). We estimate that the national fuelwood displaced due to increased LPG access between 2001 and 2011 was approximately 7.2 million tons. On aggregate, we estimate a net emissions reduction of 6.73 MtCO2e due to the fuelwood displaced from increased access to LPG, when both Kyoto and non-Kyoto climate-active emissions are accounted for and assuming 0.3 as the fraction of non-renewable biomass (fNRB) harvested. However, if only Kyoto gases are considered, we estimate a smaller net emissions decrease of 0.03 MtCO2e (assuming fully renewable biomass harvesting), or 3.05 MtCO2e (assuming 0.3 as the fNRB). We conclude that the transition to LPG cooking in India reduced pressures on forests and achieved modest climate benefits, though uncertainties regarding the extent of non-renewable biomass harvesting and suite of climate-active emissions included in such an estimation can significantly influence results in any given year and should be considered carefully in any analysis and policy-making. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.}, note = {cited By 5}, keywords = {Biomass harvesting; Emissions reduction; Energy poverties; Fuelwood; Household expenditure surveys; Indian government; Liquid petroleum gasses (LPG); National initiatives, Biomass; Emission control; Fuels; Harvesting; Liquefied petroleum gas; Surveys; Wood products, cleaner production; emission control; environmental economics; environmental impact assessment; fuelwood; governance approach; household energy; household expenditure; household survey; Kyoto Protocol; liquefied petroleum gas; policy making; poverty; subsidy system, India, Uncertainty analysis}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over two-thirds of Indians use solid fuels to meet daily cooking energy needs, with associated negative environmental, social, and health impacts. Major national initiatives implemented by the Indian government over the last few decades have included subsidies for cleaner burning fuels like liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and kerosene to encourage a transition to these. However, the extent to which these programs have affected net emissions from the use of these improved fuels has not been adequately studied. Here, we estimate the amount of fuelwood displaced and its net emissions impact due to improved access to LPG for cooking in India between 2001 and 2011 using nationally representative household expenditure surveys and census datasets. We account for a suite of climate-relevant emissions (Kyoto gases and other short-lived climate pollutants) and biomass renewability scenarios (a fully renewable and a conservative non-renewable case). We estimate that the national fuelwood displaced due to increased LPG access between 2001 and 2011 was approximately 7.2 million tons. On aggregate, we estimate a net emissions reduction of 6.73 MtCO2e due to the fuelwood displaced from increased access to LPG, when both Kyoto and non-Kyoto climate-active emissions are accounted for and assuming 0.3 as the fraction of non-renewable biomass (fNRB) harvested. However, if only Kyoto gases are considered, we estimate a smaller net emissions decrease of 0.03 MtCO2e (assuming fully renewable biomass harvesting), or 3.05 MtCO2e (assuming 0.3 as the fNRB). We conclude that the transition to LPG cooking in India reduced pressures on forests and achieved modest climate benefits, though uncertainties regarding the extent of non-renewable biomass harvesting and suite of climate-active emissions included in such an estimation can significantly influence results in any given year and should be considered carefully in any analysis and policy-making. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
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Matawle, J L; Pervez, S; Shrivastava, A; Tiwari, S; Pant, P; Deb, M K; Bisht, D S; Pervez, Y F PM2.5 pollution from household solid fuel burning practices in central India: 1. Impact on indoor air quality and associated health risks Journal Article Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 39 (5), pp. 1045-1058, 2017, (cited By 2). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: air pollutant; analysis; cooking; environmental monitoring; exposure; health status indicator; human; India; indoor air pollution; particle size; particulate matter; risk assessment, Air Pollutants; Air Pollution, air quality; ambient air; atmospheric pollution; burning; concentration (composition); health risk; indoor air; particulate matter, India, Indoor; Cooking; Environmental Monitoring; Health Status Indicators; Humans; India; Inhalation Exposure; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Risk Assessment @article{Matawle20171045,
title = {PM2.5 pollution from household solid fuel burning practices in central India: 1. Impact on indoor air quality and associated health risks}, author = {J L Matawle and S Pervez and A Shrivastava and S Tiwari and P Pant and M K Deb and D S Bisht and Y F Pervez}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84986309915&doi=10.1007%2fs10653-016-9871-8&partnerID=40&md5=edcaea5b460e1b60d708faca87f89ad8}, doi = {10.1007/s10653-016-9871-8}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Environmental Geochemistry and Health}, volume = {39}, number = {5}, pages = {1045-1058}, publisher = {Springer Netherlands}, abstract = {PM2.5 concentrations were measured in residential indoor environment in slums of central India during 2012–2013. In addition, a suite of chemical components including metals (Al, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Mo, Se, Sb, Na, Mg, K and Hg), ions (Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, F−, Cl−, NH4 +, NO3 − and SO4 2−) and carbon (OC and EC) were analyzed for all samples. Indoor PM2.5 concentrations were found to be several folds higher than the 24-h national ambient air quality standard (60 µg/m3) for PM2.5 in India, and the concentrations were found to vary from season to season. Mass closure was attempted for PM2.5 data, and close to 100 % mass was accounted for by organic matter, crustal material, secondary organic and inorganic aerosols and elemental carbon. Additionally, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with exposure to indoor PM2.5 (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) were estimated and while exposures associated with dermal contact and ingestion were found to be within the acceptable limits, risk associated with inhalation exposure was found to be high for children and adults. Elements including Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, As and Pb were present in high concentrations and contributed to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for residents’ health. Results from this study highlight the need for efforts to reduce air pollution exposure in slum areas. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.}, note = {cited By 2}, keywords = {air pollutant; analysis; cooking; environmental monitoring; exposure; health status indicator; human; India; indoor air pollution; particle size; particulate matter; risk assessment, Air Pollutants; Air Pollution, air quality; ambient air; atmospheric pollution; burning; concentration (composition); health risk; indoor air; particulate matter, India, Indoor; Cooking; Environmental Monitoring; Health Status Indicators; Humans; India; Inhalation Exposure; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Risk Assessment}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } PM2.5 concentrations were measured in residential indoor environment in slums of central India during 2012–2013. In addition, a suite of chemical components including metals (Al, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Mo, Se, Sb, Na, Mg, K and Hg), ions (Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, F−, Cl−, NH4 +, NO3 − and SO4 2−) and carbon (OC and EC) were analyzed for all samples. Indoor PM2.5 concentrations were found to be several folds higher than the 24-h national ambient air quality standard (60 µg/m3) for PM2.5 in India, and the concentrations were found to vary from season to season. Mass closure was attempted for PM2.5 data, and close to 100 % mass was accounted for by organic matter, crustal material, secondary organic and inorganic aerosols and elemental carbon. Additionally, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with exposure to indoor PM2.5 (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) were estimated and while exposures associated with dermal contact and ingestion were found to be within the acceptable limits, risk associated with inhalation exposure was found to be high for children and adults. Elements including Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, As and Pb were present in high concentrations and contributed to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for residents’ health. Results from this study highlight the need for efforts to reduce air pollution exposure in slum areas. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
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Khosla, R; Sagar, A; Mathur, A Deploying Low-carbon Technologies in Developing Countries: A view from India’s buildings sector Journal Article Environmental Policy and Governance, 27 (2), pp. 149-162, 2017, (cited By 3). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: building; carbon emission; climate change; developing world; energy efficiency; environmental policy; governance approach; technological development; technology transfer, India @article{Khosla2017149,
title = {Deploying Low-carbon Technologies in Developing Countries: A view from India’s buildings sector}, author = {R Khosla and A Sagar and A Mathur}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85017516739&doi=10.1002%2feet.1750&partnerID=40&md5=10a5585f4ca450fbe989200e9f316fb4}, doi = {10.1002/eet.1750}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Environmental Policy and Governance}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {149-162}, publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd}, abstract = {The climate change arena comprises a diverse set of interacting actors from international, national and local levels. The multilevel architecture has implications for low-carbon technology deployment in developing countries, an issue salient to both development and climate objectives. The paper examines this theme through two inter-related questions: how do (or don’t) low-carbon technologies get deployed in India’s built environment, and what implications can be drawn from the Indian case for effective low-carbon technology development and transfer for developing countries? By examining the multilevel linkages in India’s buildings sector, the paper shows how the interactions between governance levels can both support and hinder technology deployment, ultimately leading to inadequate outcomes. The potential of these linkages is hobbled by aspects of the national context (federated energy governance and developing-country capacity limitations), yet can also be enabled by other features (the climate policy context, which may motivate international actors to fill domestic capacity lacunae). Reflecting on the India case, the paper makes recommendations for improved low-carbon technology deployment in developing countries: (1) technology development and transfer collaboration on a ‘need-driven’ approach, (2) development of the specific types of capacity required across the entire innovation chain and (3) domestic strengthening of the coordination and agendas across and between governance levels. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment}, note = {cited By 3}, keywords = {building; carbon emission; climate change; developing world; energy efficiency; environmental policy; governance approach; technological development; technology transfer, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The climate change arena comprises a diverse set of interacting actors from international, national and local levels. The multilevel architecture has implications for low-carbon technology deployment in developing countries, an issue salient to both development and climate objectives. The paper examines this theme through two inter-related questions: how do (or don’t) low-carbon technologies get deployed in India’s built environment, and what implications can be drawn from the Indian case for effective low-carbon technology development and transfer for developing countries? By examining the multilevel linkages in India’s buildings sector, the paper shows how the interactions between governance levels can both support and hinder technology deployment, ultimately leading to inadequate outcomes. The potential of these linkages is hobbled by aspects of the national context (federated energy governance and developing-country capacity limitations), yet can also be enabled by other features (the climate policy context, which may motivate international actors to fill domestic capacity lacunae). Reflecting on the India case, the paper makes recommendations for improved low-carbon technology deployment in developing countries: (1) technology development and transfer collaboration on a ‘need-driven’ approach, (2) development of the specific types of capacity required across the entire innovation chain and (3) domestic strengthening of the coordination and agendas across and between governance levels. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
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Gupta, R; Somanathan, E; Dey, S Global warming and local air pollution have reduced wheat yields in India Journal Article Climatic Change, 140 (3-4), pp. 593-604, 2017, (cited By 5). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Aerosol optical depths; Impact of temperatures; Local air pollutions; Maximum and minimum temperatures; Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer sensors; Regional pollution; Standard deviation; Wheat yield, aerosol property; atmospheric pollution; climate effect; crop yield; global warming; pollution effect; regression analysis; solar radiation; temperature effect; temperature profile; wheat, Aerosols; Atmospheric aerosols; Global warming; Image reconstruction; Optical properties; Pollution; Radiometers; Regression analysis; Solar radiation, Air pollution, India, Triticum aestivum @article{Gupta2017593,
title = {Global warming and local air pollution have reduced wheat yields in India}, author = {R Gupta and E Somanathan and S Dey}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85007489776&doi=10.1007%2fs10584-016-1878-8&partnerID=40&md5=357aaa50b0eb6c89e0379fb88bccc7e2}, doi = {10.1007/s10584-016-1878-8}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Climatic Change}, volume = {140}, number = {3-4}, pages = {593-604}, publisher = {Springer Netherlands}, abstract = {We use regression analysis on data from 208 districts over the period 1981–2009 to examine the impact of temperature and solar radiation (affected by pollution from aerosols) on wheat yields in India. We find that a 1 °C increase in average daily maximum and minimum temperatures tends to lower yields by 2–4% each. A 1% increase in solar radiation increases yields by nearly 1%. Yields are estimated to be about 5.2% lower than they would have been if temperatures had not increased during the study period. We combine the estimated impacts of weather on yield with the estimated impacts of aerosol pollution (measured by moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer sensor in terms of aerosol optical depth, aerosol optical depth (AOD) in 2001–2013) on weather to compute the net impact of reducing aerosol pollution on wheat yields. A one-standard-deviation decrease in AOD is estimated to increase yields by about 4.8%. Our results imply reducing regional pollution and curbing global warming in the coming decades can counter wheat yield losses. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.}, note = {cited By 5}, keywords = {Aerosol optical depths; Impact of temperatures; Local air pollutions; Maximum and minimum temperatures; Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer sensors; Regional pollution; Standard deviation; Wheat yield, aerosol property; atmospheric pollution; climate effect; crop yield; global warming; pollution effect; regression analysis; solar radiation; temperature effect; temperature profile; wheat, Aerosols; Atmospheric aerosols; Global warming; Image reconstruction; Optical properties; Pollution; Radiometers; Regression analysis; Solar radiation, Air pollution, India, Triticum aestivum}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We use regression analysis on data from 208 districts over the period 1981–2009 to examine the impact of temperature and solar radiation (affected by pollution from aerosols) on wheat yields in India. We find that a 1 °C increase in average daily maximum and minimum temperatures tends to lower yields by 2–4% each. A 1% increase in solar radiation increases yields by nearly 1%. Yields are estimated to be about 5.2% lower than they would have been if temperatures had not increased during the study period. We combine the estimated impacts of weather on yield with the estimated impacts of aerosol pollution (measured by moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer sensor in terms of aerosol optical depth, aerosol optical depth (AOD) in 2001–2013) on weather to compute the net impact of reducing aerosol pollution on wheat yields. A one-standard-deviation decrease in AOD is estimated to increase yields by about 4.8%. Our results imply reducing regional pollution and curbing global warming in the coming decades can counter wheat yield losses. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
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Narula, K; Reddy, Sudhakara B; Pachauri, S Sustainable Energy Security for India: An assessment of energy demand sub-system Journal Article Applied Energy, 186 , pp. 126-139, 2017, (cited By 9). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Aggregates; Energy conservation; Energy management; Housing; Sensitivity analysis; Sustainable development, assessment method; demand analysis; energy budget; energy efficiency; hierarchical system; national security; performance assessment; quantitative analysis; residential energy; resource availability; sustainability; urban development, Energy assessment; Energy indexes; Energy sustainability; Hierarchical structures; Quantitative assessments; Reliable assessment; Residential sectors; Sustainable energy, Energy security, India @article{Narula2017126,
title = {Sustainable Energy Security for India: An assessment of energy demand sub-system}, author = {K Narula and B Sudhakara Reddy and S Pachauri}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960977351&doi=10.1016%2fj.apenergy.2016.02.142&partnerID=40&md5=5fbcf5b04ca31415dd40c69777ff6b34}, doi = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.02.142}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Applied Energy}, volume = {186}, pages = {126-139}, publisher = {Elsevier Ltd}, abstract = {This paper presents a quantitative assessment of Sustainable Energy Security (SES) of the energy demand sub-system for India by calculating a multidimensional SES index. The demand sub-system has been evaluated for four dimensions of SES, viz., Availability, Affordability, Efficiency and (Environmental) Acceptability using 23 selected metrics. A hierarchical structure has been used to construct indices using ‘scores’ (objective values of selected metrics), and ‘weights’ (subjective values, representing importance of each metric) which are then aggregated, to obtain a SES index. Various sectors of the energy demand sub-system are evaluated and dimensional and sectoral indices are calculated for the years 2002, 2007 and 2012. Assessment of the obtained energy indices is undertaken (separately for rural and urban residential sector) and results reveal that all (except one) sectoral indices have shown an increase during the period of assessment. The results show that from 2002 to 2012, the aggregate SES index has increased by approximately 10% which indicates a gradual improvement in the sustainability and security of the energy demand sub-system. However, the SES index is approximately 0.7 (against a desired target of 1.0), which implies that there is still a large scope for improvement in the performance of the India’s energy demand sub-system. A sensitivity analysis of various indices reveals that the SES index is relatively robust to variation in weights allotted to different dimensions and hence provides a reliable assessment of the energy demand sub-system. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd}, note = {cited By 9}, keywords = {Aggregates; Energy conservation; Energy management; Housing; Sensitivity analysis; Sustainable development, assessment method; demand analysis; energy budget; energy efficiency; hierarchical system; national security; performance assessment; quantitative analysis; residential energy; resource availability; sustainability; urban development, Energy assessment; Energy indexes; Energy sustainability; Hierarchical structures; Quantitative assessments; Reliable assessment; Residential sectors; Sustainable energy, Energy security, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper presents a quantitative assessment of Sustainable Energy Security (SES) of the energy demand sub-system for India by calculating a multidimensional SES index. The demand sub-system has been evaluated for four dimensions of SES, viz., Availability, Affordability, Efficiency and (Environmental) Acceptability using 23 selected metrics. A hierarchical structure has been used to construct indices using ‘scores’ (objective values of selected metrics), and ‘weights’ (subjective values, representing importance of each metric) which are then aggregated, to obtain a SES index. Various sectors of the energy demand sub-system are evaluated and dimensional and sectoral indices are calculated for the years 2002, 2007 and 2012. Assessment of the obtained energy indices is undertaken (separately for rural and urban residential sector) and results reveal that all (except one) sectoral indices have shown an increase during the period of assessment. The results show that from 2002 to 2012, the aggregate SES index has increased by approximately 10% which indicates a gradual improvement in the sustainability and security of the energy demand sub-system. However, the SES index is approximately 0.7 (against a desired target of 1.0), which implies that there is still a large scope for improvement in the performance of the India’s energy demand sub-system. A sensitivity analysis of various indices reveals that the SES index is relatively robust to variation in weights allotted to different dimensions and hence provides a reliable assessment of the energy demand sub-system. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd
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Harding, S E; Badami, M G; Reynolds, C C O; Kandlikar, M Auto-rickshaws in Indian cities: Public perceptions and operational realities Journal Article Transport Policy, 52 , pp. 143-152, 2016, (cited By 0). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: India, perception; transportation economics; transportation policy; urban transport @article{Harding2016143,
title = {Auto-rickshaws in Indian cities: Public perceptions and operational realities}, author = {S E Harding and M G Badami and C C O Reynolds and M Kandlikar}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84982099222&doi=10.1016%2fj.tranpol.2016.07.013&partnerID=40&md5=59715ac9d7002035e6717887b1b25a47}, doi = {10.1016/j.tranpol.2016.07.013}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Transport Policy}, volume = {52}, pages = {143-152}, publisher = {Elsevier Ltd}, abstract = {Auto-rickshaws play an important role in urban transport in India. Despite this role, auto-rickshaws and their drivers face considerable criticism from the public, the media and policy makers. There is a contentious public debate about the perceived faults of auto-rickshaws and their drivers, and the policies to address these issues in Indian cities. Our objective is to provide balance and nuance to this debate, and to enable the perspective of drivers to be more effectively considered, along with that of auto-rickshaw users and the wider travelling public, in policy-making. To this end, we critically discuss the criticism and underlying perceptions; highlight the niche role of auto-rickshaws in urban transport; and present an investigation of the realities and economics of auto-rickshaw ownership and operation. The actual congestion, safety and air pollution impacts of auto-rickshaws are at strong variance with the criticisms and perceptions on the part of the public, media and policy makers. The realities of auto-rickshaw operation are extremely challenging, and unlikely to place the driver and his family above the poverty line, which may drive some of the actions, such as not going by the meter. Finally, we critically assess policy recommendations to address the issues related to auto-rickshaws and their drivers, and offer our own suggestions regarding open permit systems, improved access to formal sector credit, a timetable for regular fare revision and the phasing out of auto-rickshaws with two-stroke engines. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd}, note = {cited By 0}, keywords = {India, perception; transportation economics; transportation policy; urban transport}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Auto-rickshaws play an important role in urban transport in India. Despite this role, auto-rickshaws and their drivers face considerable criticism from the public, the media and policy makers. There is a contentious public debate about the perceived faults of auto-rickshaws and their drivers, and the policies to address these issues in Indian cities. Our objective is to provide balance and nuance to this debate, and to enable the perspective of drivers to be more effectively considered, along with that of auto-rickshaw users and the wider travelling public, in policy-making. To this end, we critically discuss the criticism and underlying perceptions; highlight the niche role of auto-rickshaws in urban transport; and present an investigation of the realities and economics of auto-rickshaw ownership and operation. The actual congestion, safety and air pollution impacts of auto-rickshaws are at strong variance with the criticisms and perceptions on the part of the public, media and policy makers. The realities of auto-rickshaw operation are extremely challenging, and unlikely to place the driver and his family above the poverty line, which may drive some of the actions, such as not going by the meter. Finally, we critically assess policy recommendations to address the issues related to auto-rickshaws and their drivers, and offer our own suggestions regarding open permit systems, improved access to formal sector credit, a timetable for regular fare revision and the phasing out of auto-rickshaws with two-stroke engines. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd
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Gurjar, B R; Ravindra, K; Nagpure, A S Air pollution trends over Indian megacities and their local-to-global implications Journal Article Atmospheric Environment, 142 , pp. 475-495, 2016, (cited By 26). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Air pollution, air quality; atmospheric pollution; biomass burning; carbon dioxide; concentration (composition); developing world; energy use; global perspective; megacity; methane; municipal solid waste; PAH; pollution control; pollution monitoring; traffic emission; trend analysis, Ambient concentrations; Concentration trends; Consumption of energy; Control strategies; Indian government; Number of vehicles; Odd-even scheme; Particulate Matter, carbon monoxide; methane; nitrogen oxide; nitrous oxide; ozone; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; sulfur dioxide, India @article{Gurjar2016475,
title = {Air pollution trends over Indian megacities and their local-to-global implications}, author = {B R Gurjar and K Ravindra and A S Nagpure}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84982131762&doi=10.1016%2fj.atmosenv.2016.06.030&partnerID=40&md5=491899dc99524a7100499169d5ba9581}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.030}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {142}, pages = {475-495}, publisher = {Elsevier Ltd}, abstract = {More than half of the world’s population lives in urban areas. It is estimated that by 2030 there will be 41 megacities and most of them will be located in developing countries. The megacities in India (Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata) collectively have >46 million inhabitants. Increasing population and prosperity results in rapid growth of the already large consumption of energy and other resources, which contributes to air pollution, among other problems. Megacity pollution outflow plumes contain high levels of criteria pollutants (e.g. Particulate matter, SO2, NOx), greenhouse gases, ozone precursors and aerosols; which can affect the atmosphere not only on a local scale but also on regional and global scales. In the current study, emissions and concentration trends of criteria and other air pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and greenhouse gases) were examined in the three Indian megacities. Further, various policies and control strategies adopted by Indian Government are also discussed to improve air quality. Decreasing trends of SO2 was observed in all three megacities due to decrease in the sulfur content in coal and diesel. However, increasing trend for NOx was found in these megacities due to increase in number of vehicles registered and high flash point of CNG engines, which leads to higher NOx emission. In terms of SPM and PM10, highest emissions have been found at Kolkata, whereas highest ambient concentrations were recorded in Delhi. For Mumbai and Kolkata fluctuating trends of SPM concentrations were observed between 1991 and 1998 and stable afterwards till 2005; whereas for Delhi, fluctuating trend was observed for the entire study period. However, several steps have been taken to control air pollution in India but there is a need to focus on control of non-exhaust emissions including municipal solid waste and biomass burning in the megacities and surrounding areas. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd}, note = {cited By 26}, keywords = {Air pollution, air quality; atmospheric pollution; biomass burning; carbon dioxide; concentration (composition); developing world; energy use; global perspective; megacity; methane; municipal solid waste; PAH; pollution control; pollution monitoring; traffic emission; trend analysis, Ambient concentrations; Concentration trends; Consumption of energy; Control strategies; Indian government; Number of vehicles; Odd-even scheme; Particulate Matter, carbon monoxide; methane; nitrogen oxide; nitrous oxide; ozone; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; sulfur dioxide, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } More than half of the world’s population lives in urban areas. It is estimated that by 2030 there will be 41 megacities and most of them will be located in developing countries. The megacities in India (Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata) collectively have >46 million inhabitants. Increasing population and prosperity results in rapid growth of the already large consumption of energy and other resources, which contributes to air pollution, among other problems. Megacity pollution outflow plumes contain high levels of criteria pollutants (e.g. Particulate matter, SO2, NOx), greenhouse gases, ozone precursors and aerosols; which can affect the atmosphere not only on a local scale but also on regional and global scales. In the current study, emissions and concentration trends of criteria and other air pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and greenhouse gases) were examined in the three Indian megacities. Further, various policies and control strategies adopted by Indian Government are also discussed to improve air quality. Decreasing trends of SO2 was observed in all three megacities due to decrease in the sulfur content in coal and diesel. However, increasing trend for NOx was found in these megacities due to increase in number of vehicles registered and high flash point of CNG engines, which leads to higher NOx emission. In terms of SPM and PM10, highest emissions have been found at Kolkata, whereas highest ambient concentrations were recorded in Delhi. For Mumbai and Kolkata fluctuating trends of SPM concentrations were observed between 1991 and 1998 and stable afterwards till 2005; whereas for Delhi, fluctuating trend was observed for the entire study period. However, several steps have been taken to control air pollution in India but there is a need to focus on control of non-exhaust emissions including municipal solid waste and biomass burning in the megacities and surrounding areas. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd
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Pant, P; Guttikunda, S K; Peltier, R E Exposure to particulate matter in India: A synthesis of findings and future directions Journal Article Environmental Research, 147 , pp. 480-496, 2016, (cited By 19). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: aerosol; atmospheric pollution; concentration (composition); indoor air; mortality; particulate matter; pollution exposure; public health; rural area; urban area, Air pollution, fuel; tobacco smoke; exhaust gas; particulate matter, India, Indoor; Environmental Exposure; Humans; India; Particulate Matter; Vehicle Emissions @article{Pant2016480,
title = {Exposure to particulate matter in India: A synthesis of findings and future directions}, author = {P Pant and S K Guttikunda and R E Peltier}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960338688&doi=10.1016%2fj.envres.2016.03.011&partnerID=40&md5=3aca2816e0742c76f8a197024de6e547}, doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2016.03.011}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Environmental Research}, volume = {147}, pages = {480-496}, publisher = {Academic Press Inc.}, abstract = {Air pollution poses a critical threat to human health with ambient and household air pollution identified as key health risks in India. While there are many studies investigating concentration, composition, and health effects of air pollution, investigators are only beginning to focus on estimating or measuring personal exposure. Further, the relevance of exposures studies from the developed countries in developing countries is uncertain. This review summarizes existing research on exposure to particulate matter (PM) in India, identifies gaps and offers recommendations for future research. There are a limited number of studies focused on exposure to PM and/or associated health effects in India, but it is evident that levels of exposure are much higher than those reported in developed countries. Most studies have focused on coarse aerosols, with a few studies on fine aerosols. Additionally, most studies have focused on a handful of cities, and there are many unknowns in terms of ambient levels of PM as well as personal exposure. Given the high mortality burden associated with air pollution exposure in India, a deeper understanding of ambient pollutant levels as well as source strengths is crucial, both in urban and rural areas. Further, the attention needs to expand beyond the handful large cities that have been studied in detail. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.}, note = {cited By 19}, keywords = {aerosol; atmospheric pollution; concentration (composition); indoor air; mortality; particulate matter; pollution exposure; public health; rural area; urban area, Air pollution, fuel; tobacco smoke; exhaust gas; particulate matter, India, Indoor; Environmental Exposure; Humans; India; Particulate Matter; Vehicle Emissions}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Air pollution poses a critical threat to human health with ambient and household air pollution identified as key health risks in India. While there are many studies investigating concentration, composition, and health effects of air pollution, investigators are only beginning to focus on estimating or measuring personal exposure. Further, the relevance of exposures studies from the developed countries in developing countries is uncertain. This review summarizes existing research on exposure to particulate matter (PM) in India, identifies gaps and offers recommendations for future research. There are a limited number of studies focused on exposure to PM and/or associated health effects in India, but it is evident that levels of exposure are much higher than those reported in developed countries. Most studies have focused on coarse aerosols, with a few studies on fine aerosols. Additionally, most studies have focused on a handful of cities, and there are many unknowns in terms of ambient levels of PM as well as personal exposure. Given the high mortality burden associated with air pollution exposure in India, a deeper understanding of ambient pollutant levels as well as source strengths is crucial, both in urban and rural areas. Further, the attention needs to expand beyond the handful large cities that have been studied in detail. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.
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Chowdhury, S; Dey, S Cause-specific premature death from ambient PM2.5 exposure in India: Estimate adjusted for baseline mortality Journal Article Environment International, 91 , pp. 283-290, 2016, (cited By 32). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: air quality; ambient air; cardiovascular disease; Gross Domestic Product; mortality; particulate matter; World Health Organization, Air quality; Diseases; Health; Health risks; Natural language processing systems; Particles (particulate matter); Pulmonary diseases, Ambient PM2.5 exposure; Baseline mortality adjustment; India; Level statistics; Premature death, Cause of Death; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; India; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mortality, Chronic Obstructive; Stroke, India, particulate matter, Premature; Particulate Matter; Pulmonary Disease, Risk perception @article{Chowdhury2016283,
title = {Cause-specific premature death from ambient PM2.5 exposure in India: Estimate adjusted for baseline mortality}, author = {S Chowdhury and S Dey}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960954054&doi=10.1016%2fj.envint.2016.03.004&partnerID=40&md5=746e2d52a0b235e8f9103be3b3c69809}, doi = {10.1016/j.envint.2016.03.004}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Environment International}, volume = {91}, pages = {283-290}, publisher = {Elsevier Ltd}, abstract = {In India, more than a billion population is at risk of exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration exceeding World Health Organization air quality guideline, posing a serious threat to health. Cause-specific premature death from ambient PM2.5 exposure is poorly known for India. Here we develop a non-linear power law (NLP) function to estimate the relative risk associated with ambient PM2.5 exposure using satellite-based PM2.5 concentration (2001-2010) that is bias-corrected against coincident direct measurements. We show that estimate of annual premature death in India is lower by 14.7% (19.2%) using NLP (integrated exposure risk function, IER) for assumption of uniform baseline mortality across India (as considered in the global burden of disease study) relative to the estimate obtained by adjusting for state-specific baseline mortality using GDP as a proxy. 486,100 (811,000) annual premature death in India is estimated using NLP (IER) risk functions after baseline mortality adjustment. 54.5% of premature death estimated using NLP risk function is attributed to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 24.0% to ischemic heart disease (IHD), 18.5% to stroke and the remaining 3.0% to lung cancer (LC). 44,900 (5900-173,300) less premature death is expected annually, if India achieves its present annual air quality target of 40 μg m-3. Our results identify the worst affected districts in terms of ambient PM2.5 exposure and resulting annual premature death and call for initiation of long-term measures through a systematic framework of pollution and health data archive. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.}, note = {cited By 32}, keywords = {air quality; ambient air; cardiovascular disease; Gross Domestic Product; mortality; particulate matter; World Health Organization, Air quality; Diseases; Health; Health risks; Natural language processing systems; Particles (particulate matter); Pulmonary diseases, Ambient PM2.5 exposure; Baseline mortality adjustment; India; Level statistics; Premature death, Cause of Death; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; India; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mortality, Chronic Obstructive; Stroke, India, particulate matter, Premature; Particulate Matter; Pulmonary Disease, Risk perception}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In India, more than a billion population is at risk of exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration exceeding World Health Organization air quality guideline, posing a serious threat to health. Cause-specific premature death from ambient PM2.5 exposure is poorly known for India. Here we develop a non-linear power law (NLP) function to estimate the relative risk associated with ambient PM2.5 exposure using satellite-based PM2.5 concentration (2001-2010) that is bias-corrected against coincident direct measurements. We show that estimate of annual premature death in India is lower by 14.7% (19.2%) using NLP (integrated exposure risk function, IER) for assumption of uniform baseline mortality across India (as considered in the global burden of disease study) relative to the estimate obtained by adjusting for state-specific baseline mortality using GDP as a proxy. 486,100 (811,000) annual premature death in India is estimated using NLP (IER) risk functions after baseline mortality adjustment. 54.5% of premature death estimated using NLP risk function is attributed to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 24.0% to ischemic heart disease (IHD), 18.5% to stroke and the remaining 3.0% to lung cancer (LC). 44,900 (5900-173,300) less premature death is expected annually, if India achieves its present annual air quality target of 40 μg m-3. Our results identify the worst affected districts in terms of ambient PM2.5 exposure and resulting annual premature death and call for initiation of long-term measures through a systematic framework of pollution and health data archive. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.
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Lam, N L; Pachauri, S; Purohit, P; Nagai, Y; Bates, M N; Cameron, C; Smith, K R Kerosene subsidies for household lighting in India: what are the impacts? Journal Article Environmental Research Letters, 11 (4), 2016, (cited By 7). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Cooking; Costs; Developing countries; Fossil fuels; Housing; Kerosene; Population statistics, cost-benefit analysis; developing world; disability; electricity; electricity supply; expenditure; fossil fuel; household energy; industrial emission; particulate matter; policy reform; rural-urban comparison, Disability adjusted life years; Electricity service; Household energy; Lighting technology; Residential lighting; stacking; subsidies; Supplemental lighting, India, Lighting @article{Lam2016,
title = {Kerosene subsidies for household lighting in India: what are the impacts?}, author = {N L Lam and S Pachauri and P Purohit and Y Nagai and M N Bates and C Cameron and K R Smith}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964725565&doi=10.1088%2f1748-9326%2f11%2f4%2f044014&partnerID=40&md5=8ef8df9a21c54ad312c74f42988773b7}, doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/044014}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Environmental Research Letters}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, publisher = {Institute of Physics Publishing}, abstract = {Kerosene subsidy reform is a key policy concern in India and other developing countries. As kerosene is widely used for lighting in India, any price change will likely have considerable public welfare impacts on the large fraction of the poor who do not have access to reliable electricity supply for lighting. In this study, we assess historic kerosene use for residential lighting across population groups separated by urban/rural, expenditure, and electricity service levels using data from India. Consumption trends are used to inform a service demand model and evaluate how changes in fuel price, electricity connection, and supply reliability influence environmental, health and economic outcomes. We find that users relying on kerosene for supplemental lighting – in combination (‘stacked’) with electricity – accounted for 64% of residential kerosene consumed for lighting in 2005. Tested scenarios that addressed service needs of supplemental users had the greatest welfare benefits, especially in the future. Scenarios reducing PM2.5 emissions from kerosene lighting can avert between 50 and 300 thousand disability adjusted life years relative to a baseline scenario in 2030. Lighting kerosene is highly price sensitive, resulting in a drop in demand of 97% in a scenario in which current subsidies are phased out by 2030. Deadweight loss of the subsidy in 2005 is estimated at $200-950 million, with three quarters attributable to supplemental kerosene lighting. Support for cleaner lighting technologies not reliant on fossil fuel subsidies would appear to be ‘no regrets’ or ‘co-benefits’ options for India, and could be implemented in parallel with subsidy removal. © 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd.}, note = {cited By 7}, keywords = {Cooking; Costs; Developing countries; Fossil fuels; Housing; Kerosene; Population statistics, cost-benefit analysis; developing world; disability; electricity; electricity supply; expenditure; fossil fuel; household energy; industrial emission; particulate matter; policy reform; rural-urban comparison, Disability adjusted life years; Electricity service; Household energy; Lighting technology; Residential lighting; stacking; subsidies; Supplemental lighting, India, Lighting}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Kerosene subsidy reform is a key policy concern in India and other developing countries. As kerosene is widely used for lighting in India, any price change will likely have considerable public welfare impacts on the large fraction of the poor who do not have access to reliable electricity supply for lighting. In this study, we assess historic kerosene use for residential lighting across population groups separated by urban/rural, expenditure, and electricity service levels using data from India. Consumption trends are used to inform a service demand model and evaluate how changes in fuel price, electricity connection, and supply reliability influence environmental, health and economic outcomes. We find that users relying on kerosene for supplemental lighting – in combination (‘stacked’) with electricity – accounted for 64% of residential kerosene consumed for lighting in 2005. Tested scenarios that addressed service needs of supplemental users had the greatest welfare benefits, especially in the future. Scenarios reducing PM2.5 emissions from kerosene lighting can avert between 50 and 300 thousand disability adjusted life years relative to a baseline scenario in 2030. Lighting kerosene is highly price sensitive, resulting in a drop in demand of 97% in a scenario in which current subsidies are phased out by 2030. Deadweight loss of the subsidy in 2005 is estimated at $200-950 million, with three quarters attributable to supplemental kerosene lighting. Support for cleaner lighting technologies not reliant on fossil fuel subsidies would appear to be ‘no regrets’ or ‘co-benefits’ options for India, and could be implemented in parallel with subsidy removal. © 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd.
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Thomas, A; Kashid, S; Kaginalkar, A; Islam, S How accurate are the weather forecasts available to the public in India? Journal Article Weather, 71 (4), pp. 83-88, 2016, (cited By 0). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: air temperature; pressure; rainfall; weather forecasting; wind direction; wind velocity, India @article{Thomas201683,
title = {How accurate are the weather forecasts available to the public in India?}, author = {A Thomas and S Kashid and A Kaginalkar and S Islam}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84963704963&doi=10.1002%2fwea.2722&partnerID=40&md5=f83ae54f2193b37c17483ee2716e3673}, doi = {10.1002/wea.2722}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Weather}, volume = {71}, number = {4}, pages = {83-88}, publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd}, abstract = {In this study, forecasts from three weather websites (Real Time Weather System, Weather Underground and Accuweather) are evaluated for six Indian regions. Average statistics for all the Indian locations are calculated for the standard weather parameters – maximum and minimum temperature, wind speed, wind direction, pressure and rainfall. The correlation between predictions and synoptic observations is similar for all three forecasters. Bias magnitude is also similar for all three websites. Regional analysis demonstrates that Accuweather predicts maximum temperature best in the Central, Northwest and West regions, and Weather Underground performs well for the East and West regions. Real Time Weather System produces consistently accurate minimum temperature forecasts for all regions. © 2016 Royal Meteorological Society.}, note = {cited By 0}, keywords = {air temperature; pressure; rainfall; weather forecasting; wind direction; wind velocity, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this study, forecasts from three weather websites (Real Time Weather System, Weather Underground and Accuweather) are evaluated for six Indian regions. Average statistics for all the Indian locations are calculated for the standard weather parameters – maximum and minimum temperature, wind speed, wind direction, pressure and rainfall. The correlation between predictions and synoptic observations is similar for all three forecasters. Bias magnitude is also similar for all three websites. Regional analysis demonstrates that Accuweather predicts maximum temperature best in the Central, Northwest and West regions, and Weather Underground performs well for the East and West regions. Real Time Weather System produces consistently accurate minimum temperature forecasts for all regions. © 2016 Royal Meteorological Society.
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Sharma, S; Chatani, S; Mahtta, R; Goel, A; Kumar, A Sensitivity analysis of ground level ozone in India using WRF-CMAQ models Journal Article Atmospheric Environment, 131 , pp. 29-40, 2016, (cited By 15). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Air pollution, air pollution; air quality; Article; combustion; electric power plant; ground level ozone; India; pollutant; precursor; priority journal; sensitivity analysis, atmospheric pollution; chemical pollutant; concentration (composition); data set; emission inventory; environmental monitoring; formation mechanism; nitrogen oxides; ozone; sensitivity analysis; spatial analysis; volatile organic compound, Different precursors; Emission inventories; India; Meteorological fields; Residential sectors; Sensitive conditions; Sensitivity; WRF-CMAQ, India, Nitrogen oxides; Ozone; Pollution; Sensitivity analysis, ozone @article{Sharma201629,
title = {Sensitivity analysis of ground level ozone in India using WRF-CMAQ models}, author = {S Sharma and S Chatani and R Mahtta and A Goel and A Kumar}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84956687777&doi=10.1016%2fj.atmosenv.2016.01.036&partnerID=40&md5=899be96f814dc9883db0e9f55eae38ab}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.01.036}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {131}, pages = {29-40}, publisher = {Elsevier Ltd}, abstract = {Ground level ozone is emerging as a pollutant of concern in India. Limited surface monitoring data reveals that ozone concentrations are well above the prescribed national standards. This study aims to simulate the regional and urban scale ozone concentrations in India using WRF-CMAQ models. Sector-specific emission inventories are prepared for the ozone precursor species at a finer resolution (36 × 36 km2) than used in previous studies. Meteorological fields developed using the WRF model are fed into the CMAQ model along with the precursor emissions to simulate ozone concentrations at a regional scale. The model is validated using observed ozone dataset. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to understand the effect of different precursor species and sources on prevailing ozone concentrations in India. The results show that NOx sensitive conditions prevail in India and control of NOx will result in more reduction in ozone than VOCs. However, further growth in the transport and power sector and decreasing VOC emissions from the residential sector may increase the sensitivity of VOCs towards ozone in the future. At the urban scale, presence of high NOx emissions form VOC limited conditions and reduction of NOx results in increase in ozone concentrations. However, this will help in improving regional scale ozone pollution in the downwind regions. A non-linear response has been observed while assessing the sectoral sensitivities of ozone formation. Transport sector is found to have the maximum potential for reducing ozone concentrations in India. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.}, note = {cited By 15}, keywords = {Air pollution, air pollution; air quality; Article; combustion; electric power plant; ground level ozone; India; pollutant; precursor; priority journal; sensitivity analysis, atmospheric pollution; chemical pollutant; concentration (composition); data set; emission inventory; environmental monitoring; formation mechanism; nitrogen oxides; ozone; sensitivity analysis; spatial analysis; volatile organic compound, Different precursors; Emission inventories; India; Meteorological fields; Residential sectors; Sensitive conditions; Sensitivity; WRF-CMAQ, India, Nitrogen oxides; Ozone; Pollution; Sensitivity analysis, ozone}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Ground level ozone is emerging as a pollutant of concern in India. Limited surface monitoring data reveals that ozone concentrations are well above the prescribed national standards. This study aims to simulate the regional and urban scale ozone concentrations in India using WRF-CMAQ models. Sector-specific emission inventories are prepared for the ozone precursor species at a finer resolution (36 × 36 km2) than used in previous studies. Meteorological fields developed using the WRF model are fed into the CMAQ model along with the precursor emissions to simulate ozone concentrations at a regional scale. The model is validated using observed ozone dataset. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to understand the effect of different precursor species and sources on prevailing ozone concentrations in India. The results show that NOx sensitive conditions prevail in India and control of NOx will result in more reduction in ozone than VOCs. However, further growth in the transport and power sector and decreasing VOC emissions from the residential sector may increase the sensitivity of VOCs towards ozone in the future. At the urban scale, presence of high NOx emissions form VOC limited conditions and reduction of NOx results in increase in ozone concentrations. However, this will help in improving regional scale ozone pollution in the downwind regions. A non-linear response has been observed while assessing the sectoral sensitivities of ozone formation. Transport sector is found to have the maximum potential for reducing ozone concentrations in India. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.
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Surendran, D E; Ghude, S D; Beig, G; Emmons, L K; Jena, C; Kumar, R; Pfister, G G; Chate, D M Atmospheric Environment, 122 , pp. 357-372, 2015, (cited By 9). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Air pollution, Air quality simulation; Anthropogenic emissions; Emission inventories; Ground based measurement; HTAPv2; MOZART-4; Transport; Tropospheric columns, air quality; anthropogenic source; atmospheric pollution; carbon monoxide; emission inventory; ground-based measurement; mixing ratio; MOPITT; nitrogen dioxide; ozone; pollutant transport; satellite data; seasonal variation; spatial distribution; tracer; troposphere; vertical profile, air quality; Article; controlled study; environmental monitoring; hemispheric transport of air pollution version 2; model for ozone and related chemical tracers; priority journal; seasonal variation; simulation; South Asia; summer; winter, Air quality; Carbon; Carbon monoxide; Cobalt; Mixing; Molecules; Nitrogen oxides; Ozone; Pollution; Troposphere; Ultraviolet spectrometers, carbon monoxide; nitrogen dioxide; ozone, India @article{Surendran2015357,
title = {Air quality simulation over South Asia using Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution version-2 (HTAP-v2) emission inventory and Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers (MOZART-4)}, author = {D E Surendran and S D Ghude and G Beig and L K Emmons and C Jena and R Kumar and G G Pfister and D M Chate}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84943777314&doi=10.1016%2fj.atmosenv.2015.08.023&partnerID=40&md5=ff70c7eb2307be9bbd2ef2f0f9c273e6}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.023}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {122}, pages = {357-372}, publisher = {Elsevier Ltd}, abstract = {This study presents the distribution of tropospheric ozone and related species for South Asia using the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers (MOZART-4) and Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution version-2 (HTAP-v2) emission inventory. The model present-day simulated ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are evaluated against surface-based, balloon-borne and satellite-based (MOPITT and OMI) observations. The model systematically overestimates surface O3 mixing ratios (range of mean bias about: 1-30 ppbv) at different ground-based measurement sites in India. Comparison between simulated and observed vertical profiles of ozone shows a positive bias from the surface up to 600 hPa and a negative bias above 600 hPa. The simulated seasonal variation in surface CO mixing ratio is consistent with the surface observations, but has a negative bias of about 50-200 ppb which can be attributed to a large part to the coarse model resolution. In contrast to the surface evaluation, the model shows a positive bias of about 15-20 × 1017 molecules/cm2 over South Asia when compared to satellite derived CO columns from the MOPITT instrument. The model also overestimates OMI retrieved tropospheric column NO2 abundance by about 100-250 × 1013 molecules/cm2. A response to 20% reduction in all anthropogenic emissions over South Asia shows a decrease in the anuual mean O3 mixing ratios by about 3-12 ppb, CO by about 10-80 ppb and NOX by about 3-6 ppb at the surface level. During summer monsoon, O3 mixing ratios at 200 hPa show a decrease of about 6-12 ppb over South Asia and about 1-4 ppb over the remote northern hemispheric western Pacific region. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.}, note = {cited By 9}, keywords = {Air pollution, Air quality simulation; Anthropogenic emissions; Emission inventories; Ground based measurement; HTAPv2; MOZART-4; Transport; Tropospheric columns, air quality; anthropogenic source; atmospheric pollution; carbon monoxide; emission inventory; ground-based measurement; mixing ratio; MOPITT; nitrogen dioxide; ozone; pollutant transport; satellite data; seasonal variation; spatial distribution; tracer; troposphere; vertical profile, air quality; Article; controlled study; environmental monitoring; hemispheric transport of air pollution version 2; model for ozone and related chemical tracers; priority journal; seasonal variation; simulation; South Asia; summer; winter, Air quality; Carbon; Carbon monoxide; Cobalt; Mixing; Molecules; Nitrogen oxides; Ozone; Pollution; Troposphere; Ultraviolet spectrometers, carbon monoxide; nitrogen dioxide; ozone, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study presents the distribution of tropospheric ozone and related species for South Asia using the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers (MOZART-4) and Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution version-2 (HTAP-v2) emission inventory. The model present-day simulated ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are evaluated against surface-based, balloon-borne and satellite-based (MOPITT and OMI) observations. The model systematically overestimates surface O3 mixing ratios (range of mean bias about: 1-30 ppbv) at different ground-based measurement sites in India. Comparison between simulated and observed vertical profiles of ozone shows a positive bias from the surface up to 600 hPa and a negative bias above 600 hPa. The simulated seasonal variation in surface CO mixing ratio is consistent with the surface observations, but has a negative bias of about 50-200 ppb which can be attributed to a large part to the coarse model resolution. In contrast to the surface evaluation, the model shows a positive bias of about 15-20 × 1017 molecules/cm2 over South Asia when compared to satellite derived CO columns from the MOPITT instrument. The model also overestimates OMI retrieved tropospheric column NO2 abundance by about 100-250 × 1013 molecules/cm2. A response to 20% reduction in all anthropogenic emissions over South Asia shows a decrease in the anuual mean O3 mixing ratios by about 3-12 ppb, CO by about 10-80 ppb and NOX by about 3-6 ppb at the surface level. During summer monsoon, O3 mixing ratios at 200 hPa show a decrease of about 6-12 ppb over South Asia and about 1-4 ppb over the remote northern hemispheric western Pacific region. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
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Sahu, S K; Ohara, T; Beig, G; Kurokawa, J; Nagashima, T Rising critical emission of air pollutants from renewable biomass based cogeneration from the sugar industry in India Journal Article Environmental Research Letters, 10 (9), 2015, (cited By 2). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Air pollutant emission; Bagasse combustion; Bagasse-based cogeneration; Chemical transport models; cogeneration; National emission inventories; Particulate Matter; Sugar mills, Air pollution; Bagasse; Biomass; Carbon dioxide; Cogeneration plants; Ecology; Energy policy; Energy security; Particulate emissions; Pollution; Sugar factories; Sulfur dioxide, atmospheric pollution; biomass power; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; cogeneration; combustion; emission inventory; estimation method; industrial emission; nitrogen oxides; plant residue; pollution monitoring; renewable resource; sugar; sulfur dioxide, India, Sugar industry @article{Sahu2015,
title = {Rising critical emission of air pollutants from renewable biomass based cogeneration from the sugar industry in India}, author = {S K Sahu and T Ohara and G Beig and J Kurokawa and T Nagashima}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84945232183&doi=10.1088%2f1748-9326%2f10%2f9%2f095002&partnerID=40&md5=aa993d8d023dbcc7fafb0378a00e797d}, doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/095002}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Environmental Research Letters}, volume = {10}, number = {9}, publisher = {Institute of Physics Publishing}, abstract = {In the recent past, the emerging India economy is highly dependent on conventional as well as renewable energy to deal with energy security. Keeping the potential of biomass and its plentiful availability, the Indian government has been encouraging various industrial sectors to generate their own energy from it. The Indian sugar industry has adopted and made impressive growth in bagasse (a renewable biomass, i.e. left after sugercane is crushed) based cogeneration power to fulfil their energy need, as well as to export a big chunk of energy to grid power. Like fossil fuel, bagasse combustion also generates various critical pollutants. This article provides the first ever estimation, current status and overview of magnitude of air pollutant emissions from rapidly growing bagasse based cogeneration technology in Indian sugar mills. The estimated emission from the world’s second largest sugar industry in India for particulate matter, NOX, SO2, CO and CO2 is estimated to be 444 ±225 Gg yr-1, 188 ±95 Gg yr-1, 43 ±22 Gg yr-1, 463 ±240 Gg yr-1 and 47.4 ±9 Tg yr-1, respectively in 2014. The studies also analyze and identify potential hot spot regions across the country and explore the possible further potential growth for this sector. This first ever estimation not only improves the existing national emission inventory, but is also useful in chemical transport modeling studies, as well as for policy makers. © 2015 IOP Publishing Ltd.}, note = {cited By 2}, keywords = {Air pollutant emission; Bagasse combustion; Bagasse-based cogeneration; Chemical transport models; cogeneration; National emission inventories; Particulate Matter; Sugar mills, Air pollution; Bagasse; Biomass; Carbon dioxide; Cogeneration plants; Ecology; Energy policy; Energy security; Particulate emissions; Pollution; Sugar factories; Sulfur dioxide, atmospheric pollution; biomass power; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; cogeneration; combustion; emission inventory; estimation method; industrial emission; nitrogen oxides; plant residue; pollution monitoring; renewable resource; sugar; sulfur dioxide, India, Sugar industry}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In the recent past, the emerging India economy is highly dependent on conventional as well as renewable energy to deal with energy security. Keeping the potential of biomass and its plentiful availability, the Indian government has been encouraging various industrial sectors to generate their own energy from it. The Indian sugar industry has adopted and made impressive growth in bagasse (a renewable biomass, i.e. left after sugercane is crushed) based cogeneration power to fulfil their energy need, as well as to export a big chunk of energy to grid power. Like fossil fuel, bagasse combustion also generates various critical pollutants. This article provides the first ever estimation, current status and overview of magnitude of air pollutant emissions from rapidly growing bagasse based cogeneration technology in Indian sugar mills. The estimated emission from the world’s second largest sugar industry in India for particulate matter, NOX, SO2, CO and CO2 is estimated to be 444 ±225 Gg yr-1, 188 ±95 Gg yr-1, 43 ±22 Gg yr-1, 463 ±240 Gg yr-1 and 47.4 ±9 Tg yr-1, respectively in 2014. The studies also analyze and identify potential hot spot regions across the country and explore the possible further potential growth for this sector. This first ever estimation not only improves the existing national emission inventory, but is also useful in chemical transport modeling studies, as well as for policy makers. © 2015 IOP Publishing Ltd.
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Jena, C; Ghude, S D; Beig, G; Chate, D M; Kumar, R; Pfister, G G; Lal, D M; Surendran, D E; Fadnavis, S; van der A, R J Inter-comparison of different NO<inf>X</inf> emission inventories and associated variation in simulated surface ozone in Indian region Journal Article Atmospheric Environment, 117 , pp. 61-73, 2015, (cited By 12). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: air quality; anthropogenic source; atmospheric modeling; comparative study; database; emission inventory; mixing ratio; nitrous oxide; ozone; pollution monitoring; rural area; satellite data; satellite imagery; troposphere, Air quality; Ozone; Troposphere; Ultraviolet spectrometers, Atmospheric research; Emission inventories; National emission inventories; Regional chemical transport model; Satellite observations; South Asia; Tropospheric columns; WRF-Chem, India, Molecules, ozone @article{Jena201561,
title = {Inter-comparison of different NO author = {C Jena and S D Ghude and G Beig and D M Chate and R Kumar and G G Pfister and D M Lal and D E Surendran and S Fadnavis and R J van der A}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84937144921&doi=10.1016%2fj.atmosenv.2015.06.057&partnerID=40&md5=0cd7d4be5d1b9171d5033f9dd8b8eb60}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.06.057}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {117}, pages = {61-73}, publisher = {Elsevier Ltd}, abstract = {In this work, we compare for the first time different anthropogenic NO note = {cited By 12}, keywords = {air quality; anthropogenic source; atmospheric modeling; comparative study; database; emission inventory; mixing ratio; nitrous oxide; ozone; pollution monitoring; rural area; satellite data; satellite imagery; troposphere, Air quality; Ozone; Troposphere; Ultraviolet spectrometers, Atmospheric research; Emission inventories; National emission inventories; Regional chemical transport model; Satellite observations; South Asia; Tropospheric columns; WRF-Chem, India, Molecules, ozone}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this work, we compare for the first time different anthropogenic NO<inf>X</inf> emission inventories and examine the associate variation in simulated surface ozone (O<inf>3</inf>) in India. Six anthropogenic NO<inf>X</inf> emission inventories namely Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B (INTEX-B), Regional Emission Inventory in Asia (REAS), MACCity, Indian National Emission Inventory (India_NOx), and Top-Down NO<inf>X</inf> emission inventory for India (Top-Down) are included in the comparison. We include these emission inventories in regional chemical transport model WRF-Chem to simulate tropospheric column NO<inf>2</inf> and surface O<inf>3</inf> mixing ratios for the month of summer (15-March to 15-April) and winter (December) in 2005. Predicted tropospheric column NO<inf>2</inf> using different NO<inf>X</inf> emission inventory are evaluated with the OMI satellite observations. All emission inventories show similar spatial features, however uncertainty in NO<inf>X</inf> emissions distribution is about 20-50% over rural regions and about 60-160% over the major point sources. Compared to OMI, the largest bias in simulated tropospheric NO<inf>2</inf> columns is seen in the REAS (-243.0 ± 338.8 × 1013 molecules cm-2) emission inventory, followed by EDGAR (-199.1 ± 272.2 × 1013 molecules cm-2), MACCity (-150.5 ± 236.3 × 1013 molecules cm-2), INTEX-B (-96.8 ± 199.5 × 1013 molecules cm-2), India_NOx (-87.7 ± 159.9 × 1013 molecules cm-2) and Top-Down (-30.8 ± 69.6 × 1013 molecules cm-2) inventories during winter. Simulations using different NO<inf>X</inf> emission inventories produces maximum deviation in daytime 8-h averaged O<inf>3</inf> of the order of 9-17 ppb (15-40%) in summer and 3-12 ppb (5-25%) in winter over most of the land area. The simulation suggests that choice of NO<inf>X</inf> emission inventories have significant effect on surface O<inf>3</inf> concentration for air quality studies over India. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
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Pietikäinen, J -P; Kupiainen, K; Klimont, Z; Makkonen, R; Korhonen, H; Karinkanta, R; Hyvärinen, A -P; Karvosenoja, N; Laaksonen, A; Lihavainen, H; Kerminen, V -M Impacts of emission reductions on aerosol radiative effects Journal Article Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15 (10), pp. 5501-5519, 2015, (cited By 3). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: aerosol; climate forcing; climate modeling; emission control; radiative forcing, India @article{Pietikäinen20155501,
title = {Impacts of emission reductions on aerosol radiative effects}, author = {J -P Pietikäinen and K Kupiainen and Z Klimont and R Makkonen and H Korhonen and R Karinkanta and A -P Hyvärinen and N Karvosenoja and A Laaksonen and H Lihavainen and V -M Kerminen}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930203348&doi=10.5194%2facp-15-5501-2015&partnerID=40&md5=50d255a983b3b0368a6b6a198e20573a}, doi = {10.5194/acp-15-5501-2015}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, volume = {15}, number = {10}, pages = {5501-5519}, publisher = {Copernicus GmbH}, abstract = {The global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAMMOZ was used to investigate changes in the aerosol burden and aerosol radiative effects in the coming decades. Four different emissions scenarios were applied for 2030 (two of them applied also for 2020) and the results were compared against the reference year 2005. Two of the scenarios are based on current legislation reductions: one shows the maximum potential of reductions that can be achieved by technical measures, and the other is targeted to short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs). We have analyzed the results in terms of global means and additionally focused on eight subregions. Based on our results, aerosol burdens show an overall decreasing trend as they basically follow the changes in primary and precursor emissions. However, in some locations, such as India, the burdens could increase significantly. The declining emissions have an impact on the clear-sky direct aerosol effect (DRE), i.e. the cooling effect. The DRE could decrease globally 0.06-0.4 W m-2 by 2030 with some regional increases, for example, over India (up to 0.84 W m-2). The global changes in the DRE depend on the scenario and are smallest in the targeted SLCF simulation. The aerosol indirect radiative effect could decline 0.25-0.82 W m-2 by 2030. This decrease takes place mostly over the oceans, whereas the DRE changes are greatest over the continents. Our results show that targeted emission reduction measures can be a much better choice for the climate than overall high reductions globally. Our simulations also suggest that more than half of the near-future forcing change is due to the radiative effects associated with aerosol-cloud interactions. © Author(s) 2015.}, note = {cited By 3}, keywords = {aerosol; climate forcing; climate modeling; emission control; radiative forcing, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAMMOZ was used to investigate changes in the aerosol burden and aerosol radiative effects in the coming decades. Four different emissions scenarios were applied for 2030 (two of them applied also for 2020) and the results were compared against the reference year 2005. Two of the scenarios are based on current legislation reductions: one shows the maximum potential of reductions that can be achieved by technical measures, and the other is targeted to short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs). We have analyzed the results in terms of global means and additionally focused on eight subregions. Based on our results, aerosol burdens show an overall decreasing trend as they basically follow the changes in primary and precursor emissions. However, in some locations, such as India, the burdens could increase significantly. The declining emissions have an impact on the clear-sky direct aerosol effect (DRE), i.e. the cooling effect. The DRE could decrease globally 0.06-0.4 W m-2 by 2030 with some regional increases, for example, over India (up to 0.84 W m-2). The global changes in the DRE depend on the scenario and are smallest in the targeted SLCF simulation. The aerosol indirect radiative effect could decline 0.25-0.82 W m-2 by 2030. This decrease takes place mostly over the oceans, whereas the DRE changes are greatest over the continents. Our results show that targeted emission reduction measures can be a much better choice for the climate than overall high reductions globally. Our simulations also suggest that more than half of the near-future forcing change is due to the radiative effects associated with aerosol-cloud interactions. © Author(s) 2015.
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Sahu, S K; Schultz, M G; Beig, G Critical pollutant emissions from the Indian telecom network Journal Article Atmospheric Environment, 103 , pp. 34-42, 2015, (cited By 3). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: air pollutant; air quality; Article; controlled study; electricity; Indian; information technology; renewable energy; rural area; telecommunication; urban area; urban rural difference; combustion; energy; industrial waste; mobile phone; pollutant, air quality; anthropogenic source; diesel; electricity supply; emission inventory; fuel consumption; renewable resource; spatial distribution; telecommunication; atmospheric pollution; combustion; critical load; fossil fuel; mobile communication; rural atmosphere, Air quality; Carbon dioxide; Combustion; Electric utilities; Fuels; Renewable energy resources; Telecommunication, Anthropogenic emissions; Diesel combustion; Diesel generators; Emission inventories; Fossil fuel combustion; Phone connections; Pollutant emission; Renewable energy source, fossil fuel, India, Rural areas @article{Sahu201534,
title = {Critical pollutant emissions from the Indian telecom network}, author = {S K Sahu and M G Schultz and G Beig}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84918563209&doi=10.1016%2fj.atmosenv.2014.12.025&partnerID=40&md5=718071865cdc26a631da669dd5ae337e}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.12.025}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {103}, pages = {34-42}, publisher = {Elsevier Ltd}, abstract = {In recent years, India developed the world’s 2nd largest telecom network based largely on mobile phone connections. The energy demand of the telecom sector especially in rural areas is mainly fueled by diesel combustion in mid-size generators due to either lack of grid power or unstable provision of electricity. This study quantifies the magnitude of emissions from the Indian telecom sector and presents a gridded inventory for the year 2011 with a spatial distribution derived on the provincial level including information on urban versus rural telecom installations. The estimated total NOx, PM, CO, BC, SO2, HC and CO2 emissions are found to be 295±196Gg/yr, 155±108Gg/yr, 61±41Gg/yr, 28±18Gg/yr, 114±12Gg/yr 19.50±13Gg/yr and 27.9±12 million tons/yr, respectively. The future development of emissions from this sector will depend on the rate of electrification and possible market saturation. Air quality in rural areas of India could be improved by replacing diesel generators with renewable energy sources or electricity from the grid. © 2014.}, note = {cited By 3}, keywords = {air pollutant; air quality; Article; controlled study; electricity; Indian; information technology; renewable energy; rural area; telecommunication; urban area; urban rural difference; combustion; energy; industrial waste; mobile phone; pollutant, air quality; anthropogenic source; diesel; electricity supply; emission inventory; fuel consumption; renewable resource; spatial distribution; telecommunication; atmospheric pollution; combustion; critical load; fossil fuel; mobile communication; rural atmosphere, Air quality; Carbon dioxide; Combustion; Electric utilities; Fuels; Renewable energy resources; Telecommunication, Anthropogenic emissions; Diesel combustion; Diesel generators; Emission inventories; Fossil fuel combustion; Phone connections; Pollutant emission; Renewable energy source, fossil fuel, India, Rural areas}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In recent years, India developed the world’s 2nd largest telecom network based largely on mobile phone connections. The energy demand of the telecom sector especially in rural areas is mainly fueled by diesel combustion in mid-size generators due to either lack of grid power or unstable provision of electricity. This study quantifies the magnitude of emissions from the Indian telecom sector and presents a gridded inventory for the year 2011 with a spatial distribution derived on the provincial level including information on urban versus rural telecom installations. The estimated total NOx, PM, CO, BC, SO2, HC and CO2 emissions are found to be 295±196Gg/yr, 155±108Gg/yr, 61±41Gg/yr, 28±18Gg/yr, 114±12Gg/yr 19.50±13Gg/yr and 27.9±12 million tons/yr, respectively. The future development of emissions from this sector will depend on the rate of electrification and possible market saturation. Air quality in rural areas of India could be improved by replacing diesel generators with renewable energy sources or electricity from the grid. © 2014.
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Sharma, S; Goel, A; Gupta, D; Kumar, A; Mishra, A; Kundu, S; Chatani, S; Klimont, Z Emission inventory of non-methane volatile organic compounds from anthropogenic sources in India Journal Article Atmospheric Environment, 102 , pp. 209-219, 2015, (cited By 13). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: agricultural waste; air monitoring; air pollutant; air pollution; Article; biomass; biomass production; combustion; cooking; energy consumption; India, Agricultural wastes; Methane; Oil shale; Solvents; Volatile organic compounds, alkane; alkene; alkyne; aromatic compound; diesel fuel; non methane volatile organic compound; oil; organic solvent; polystyrene; polyvinylchloride; solvent; unclassified drug; volatile organic compound, anthropogenic source; atmospheric pollution; biomass burning; emission inventory; nonmethane hydrocarbon; oil production; speciation (chemistry); volatile organic compound, Anthropogenic sources; Emission inventories; India; Inventory; Non-methane volatile organic compounds; Residential combustion; Spatial informations; Speciation, India, Oils and fats @article{Sharma2015209,
title = {Emission inventory of non-methane volatile organic compounds from anthropogenic sources in India}, author = {S Sharma and A Goel and D Gupta and A Kumar and A Mishra and S Kundu and S Chatani and Z Klimont}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84916625058&doi=10.1016%2fj.atmosenv.2014.11.070&partnerID=40&md5=76f03838d053ef1f24bb9cd814a494ab}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.070}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {102}, pages = {209-219}, publisher = {Elsevier Ltd}, abstract = {This paper presents a new inventory of NMVOC emissions from anthropogenic sources in India for the year 2010. The main new element of this inventory, compared to previous work for India, is the use of new and more detailed data on solvent use sectors and oil production and distribution system. The results are presented at the national and state level for major sectors and VOC species. Finally, the annual emissions were spatially distributed at a fine resolution of 36×36km2 using detailed spatial information. The total anthropogenic NMVOC emissions in India in 2010 were estimated at 9.81Tg which is in the range of the estimates made in most other studies. The majority of emissions (60%) originated from residential combustion of biomass for cooking. Solvent use sectors and oil production and distribution contributed about 20% followed by transport (12%) and open burning of agricultural residues (7%). Specie-wise distribution shows highest contribution from alkenes and alkynes (38%), followed by alkanes (22%), and aromatics (16%). © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.}, note = {cited By 13}, keywords = {agricultural waste; air monitoring; air pollutant; air pollution; Article; biomass; biomass production; combustion; cooking; energy consumption; India, Agricultural wastes; Methane; Oil shale; Solvents; Volatile organic compounds, alkane; alkene; alkyne; aromatic compound; diesel fuel; non methane volatile organic compound; oil; organic solvent; polystyrene; polyvinylchloride; solvent; unclassified drug; volatile organic compound, anthropogenic source; atmospheric pollution; biomass burning; emission inventory; nonmethane hydrocarbon; oil production; speciation (chemistry); volatile organic compound, Anthropogenic sources; Emission inventories; India; Inventory; Non-methane volatile organic compounds; Residential combustion; Spatial informations; Speciation, India, Oils and fats}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper presents a new inventory of NMVOC emissions from anthropogenic sources in India for the year 2010. The main new element of this inventory, compared to previous work for India, is the use of new and more detailed data on solvent use sectors and oil production and distribution system. The results are presented at the national and state level for major sectors and VOC species. Finally, the annual emissions were spatially distributed at a fine resolution of 36×36km2 using detailed spatial information. The total anthropogenic NMVOC emissions in India in 2010 were estimated at 9.81Tg which is in the range of the estimates made in most other studies. The majority of emissions (60%) originated from residential combustion of biomass for cooking. Solvent use sectors and oil production and distribution contributed about 20% followed by transport (12%) and open burning of agricultural residues (7%). Specie-wise distribution shows highest contribution from alkenes and alkynes (38%), followed by alkanes (22%), and aromatics (16%). © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
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Chaudhary, A; Krishna, C; Sagar, A Policy making for renewable energy in India: lessons from wind and solar power sectors Journal Article Climate Policy, 15 (1), pp. 58-87, 2015, (cited By 8). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: alternative energy; capacity building; climate change; developing world; environmental policy; mitigation; policy making; renewable resource; solar power; wind power, India @article{Chaudhary201558,
title = {Policy making for renewable energy in India: lessons from wind and solar power sectors}, author = {A Chaudhary and C Krishna and A Sagar}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84920588123&doi=10.1080%2f14693062.2014.941318&partnerID=40&md5=500a67e5c6920c4545e51b18414dcb2f}, doi = {10.1080/14693062.2014.941318}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Climate Policy}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {58-87}, publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.}, abstract = {It is clear that developing countries will have to be part of the global mitigation effort to avoid ‘dangerous climate change’, and, indeed, many of them are already undertaking significant actions on multiple fronts to help address this problem, even if they have not yet taken on legally binding commitment under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Since the deployment of GHG-mitigating technologies is already a significant part of this effort and likely to be even more so in the future, drawing lessons from existing programmes can help accelerate and enhance the effectiveness of this deployment process. Accordingly, this article aims to examine the deployment of wind and solar power in India, paying specific attention to the role of public policy in incentivizing and facilitating this deployment, how these policies have evolved over time, what has shaped this evolution, and what the learning has been over this period. Through this analysis, the intention is to draw out key lessons from India’s experience with deployment policies and programmes in these two sectors and highlight the issues that will need to be given particular consideration in the design of future domestic policies and international cooperation programmes to enhance the move towards climate-compatible development in India. Many of these lessons should also be relevant for other developing countries that are attempting to balance their climate and developmental priorities through the deployment of renewable energy technologies. © 2014 Taylor & Francis.}, note = {cited By 8}, keywords = {alternative energy; capacity building; climate change; developing world; environmental policy; mitigation; policy making; renewable resource; solar power; wind power, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } It is clear that developing countries will have to be part of the global mitigation effort to avoid ‘dangerous climate change’, and, indeed, many of them are already undertaking significant actions on multiple fronts to help address this problem, even if they have not yet taken on legally binding commitment under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Since the deployment of GHG-mitigating technologies is already a significant part of this effort and likely to be even more so in the future, drawing lessons from existing programmes can help accelerate and enhance the effectiveness of this deployment process. Accordingly, this article aims to examine the deployment of wind and solar power in India, paying specific attention to the role of public policy in incentivizing and facilitating this deployment, how these policies have evolved over time, what has shaped this evolution, and what the learning has been over this period. Through this analysis, the intention is to draw out key lessons from India’s experience with deployment policies and programmes in these two sectors and highlight the issues that will need to be given particular consideration in the design of future domestic policies and international cooperation programmes to enhance the move towards climate-compatible development in India. Many of these lessons should also be relevant for other developing countries that are attempting to balance their climate and developmental priorities through the deployment of renewable energy technologies. © 2014 Taylor & Francis.
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Pervez, S; Chakrabarty, R; Dewangan, S; Watson, J G; Chow, J C; Matawle, Lal J; Pervez, Y Cultural and ritual burning emission factors and activity levels in india Journal Article Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 15 (1), pp. 72-80, 2015, (cited By 6). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Agricultural wastes; Carbon; Incineration; Waste incineration, Asian Brown Haze; Combustion activity; Cultural and ritual performances; Emission factors; OC and EC fractions, atmospheric pollution; biomass burning; haze; organic carbon; particulate matter; pollutant transport; power plant; savanna, India, Organic carbon @article{Pervez201572,
title = {Cultural and ritual burning emission factors and activity levels in india}, author = {S Pervez and R Chakrabarty and S Dewangan and J G Watson and J C Chow and J Lal Matawle and Y Pervez}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84922142255&doi=10.4209%2faaqr.2014.01.0022&partnerID=40&md5=7bf1fad20a08ed89acff738d48c5abf4}, doi = {10.4209/aaqr.2014.01.0022}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Aerosol and Air Quality Research}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {72-80}, publisher = {AAGR Aerosol and Air Quality Research}, abstract = {Real-world particulate matter, organic carbon, and elemental carbon (OC and EC) emission measurements were measured for different cultural and ritual burning practices. These were (g/kg): 11.36 (OC), 0.27 (EC) and 31.04 (RPM) for Marriage Events; 27.04 (OC), 0.18 (EC) and 123.82 (RPM) for Muslim Holy Shrines; 25.99 (OC), 0.85 (EC) and 47.93 (RPM) for Buddhist Temples; and 3.47 (OC), 7.96 (EC) and 20.13 (RPM) for Hindu Temples. When projected to reasonable levels of such activities throughout India, the total annual emissions would be 72.38 Gg/yr, comparable to those from transport (165 Gg/yr), power plants (19 Gg/yr), agricultural waste burning (428 Gg/yr) and forest and savannah burning (176 Gg/yr). © Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research.}, note = {cited By 6}, keywords = {Agricultural wastes; Carbon; Incineration; Waste incineration, Asian Brown Haze; Combustion activity; Cultural and ritual performances; Emission factors; OC and EC fractions, atmospheric pollution; biomass burning; haze; organic carbon; particulate matter; pollutant transport; power plant; savanna, India, Organic carbon}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Real-world particulate matter, organic carbon, and elemental carbon (OC and EC) emission measurements were measured for different cultural and ritual burning practices. These were (g/kg): 11.36 (OC), 0.27 (EC) and 31.04 (RPM) for Marriage Events; 27.04 (OC), 0.18 (EC) and 123.82 (RPM) for Muslim Holy Shrines; 25.99 (OC), 0.85 (EC) and 47.93 (RPM) for Buddhist Temples; and 3.47 (OC), 7.96 (EC) and 20.13 (RPM) for Hindu Temples. When projected to reasonable levels of such activities throughout India, the total annual emissions would be 72.38 Gg/yr, comparable to those from transport (165 Gg/yr), power plants (19 Gg/yr), agricultural waste burning (428 Gg/yr) and forest and savannah burning (176 Gg/yr). © Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research.
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2014 |
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Sadavarte, P; Venkataraman, C Trends in multi-pollutant emissions from a technology-linked inventory for India: I. Industry and transport sectors Journal Article Atmospheric Environment, 99 , pp. 353-364, 2014, (cited By 28). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: aerosol; air pollutant; air pollution; Article; atmosphere; cement industry; electric power plant; energy consumption; greenhouse gas; India; Indian; ozone precursor; petrochemical industry; plant, aerosol; database; fuel consumption; industrial emission; ozone; pollutant transport; pollution monitoring; uncertainty analysis, Aerosols; Carbon dioxide; Coal industry; Fog; Gas emissions; Greenhouse gases; Ozone; Pollution; Roads and streets; Sulfur dioxide; Thermoelectric power plants; Transportation; Uncertainty analysis; Vehicles, Air pollution, carbon monoxide; coal; fuel; gasoline; organic carbon; sulfur, Default emission factors; International conventions; Ozone precursors; Petrochemical industry; Regulatory applications; Short-lived pollutants; Thermal power plants; Uncertainty, India @article{Sadavarte2014353,
title = {Trends in multi-pollutant emissions from a technology-linked inventory for India: I. Industry and transport sectors}, author = {P Sadavarte and C Venkataraman}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907999434&doi=10.1016%2fj.atmosenv.2014.09.081&partnerID=40&md5=810787bf4d55532d85eecbc0a9538360}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.081}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {99}, pages = {353-364}, publisher = {Elsevier Ltd}, abstract = {Emissions estimation, for research and regulatory applications including reporting to international conventions, needs treatment of detailed technology divisions and high-emitting technologies. Here we estimate Indian emissions, for 1996-2015, of aerosol constituents (PM2.5, BC and OC) and precursor gas SO2, ozone precursors (CO, NOx, NMVOC and CH4) and greenhouse gases (CO2 and N2O), using a common fuel consumption database and consistent assumptions. Six source categories and 45 technologies/activities in the industry and transport sectors were used for estimating emissions for 2010. Mean emission factors, developed at the source-category level, were used with corresponding fuel consumption data, available for 1996-2011, projected to 2015. New activities were included to account for fugitive emissions of NMVOC from chemical and petrochemical industries. Dynamic emission factors, reflecting changes in technology-mix and emission regulations, were developed for thermal power plants and on-road transport vehicles. Modeled emission factors were used for gaseous pollutants for on-road vehicles. Emissions of 2.4 (0.6-7.5) Tgy- 1 PM2.5, 0.23 (0.1-0.7) Tgy- 1 BC, 0.15 (0.04-0.5) Tgy- 1 OC, 7.3 (6-10) Tgy- 1 SO2, 19 (7.5-33) Tgy- 1 CO, 1.5 (0.1-9) Tgy- 1 CH4, 4.3 (2-9) Tgy- 1 NMVOC, 5.6 (1.7-15.9) Tgy- 1 NOx, 1750 (1397-2231) Tgy- 1 CO2 and 0.13 (0.05-0.3) Tgy- 1 N2O were estimated for 2015. Significant emissions of aerosols and their precursors were from coal use in thermal power and industry (PM2.5 and SO2), and on-road diesel vehicles (BC), especially superemitters. Emissions of ozone precursors were largely from thermal power plants (NOx), on-road gasoline vehicles (CO and NMVOC) and fugitive emissions from mining (CH4). Highly uncertain default emission factors were the principal contributors to uncertainties in emission estimates, indicating the need for region specific measurements. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.}, note = {cited By 28}, keywords = {aerosol; air pollutant; air pollution; Article; atmosphere; cement industry; electric power plant; energy consumption; greenhouse gas; India; Indian; ozone precursor; petrochemical industry; plant, aerosol; database; fuel consumption; industrial emission; ozone; pollutant transport; pollution monitoring; uncertainty analysis, Aerosols; Carbon dioxide; Coal industry; Fog; Gas emissions; Greenhouse gases; Ozone; Pollution; Roads and streets; Sulfur dioxide; Thermoelectric power plants; Transportation; Uncertainty analysis; Vehicles, Air pollution, carbon monoxide; coal; fuel; gasoline; organic carbon; sulfur, Default emission factors; International conventions; Ozone precursors; Petrochemical industry; Regulatory applications; Short-lived pollutants; Thermal power plants; Uncertainty, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Emissions estimation, for research and regulatory applications including reporting to international conventions, needs treatment of detailed technology divisions and high-emitting technologies. Here we estimate Indian emissions, for 1996-2015, of aerosol constituents (PM2.5, BC and OC) and precursor gas SO2, ozone precursors (CO, NOx, NMVOC and CH4) and greenhouse gases (CO2 and N2O), using a common fuel consumption database and consistent assumptions. Six source categories and 45 technologies/activities in the industry and transport sectors were used for estimating emissions for 2010. Mean emission factors, developed at the source-category level, were used with corresponding fuel consumption data, available for 1996-2011, projected to 2015. New activities were included to account for fugitive emissions of NMVOC from chemical and petrochemical industries. Dynamic emission factors, reflecting changes in technology-mix and emission regulations, were developed for thermal power plants and on-road transport vehicles. Modeled emission factors were used for gaseous pollutants for on-road vehicles. Emissions of 2.4 (0.6-7.5) Tgy- 1 PM2.5, 0.23 (0.1-0.7) Tgy- 1 BC, 0.15 (0.04-0.5) Tgy- 1 OC, 7.3 (6-10) Tgy- 1 SO2, 19 (7.5-33) Tgy- 1 CO, 1.5 (0.1-9) Tgy- 1 CH4, 4.3 (2-9) Tgy- 1 NMVOC, 5.6 (1.7-15.9) Tgy- 1 NOx, 1750 (1397-2231) Tgy- 1 CO2 and 0.13 (0.05-0.3) Tgy- 1 N2O were estimated for 2015. Significant emissions of aerosols and their precursors were from coal use in thermal power and industry (PM2.5 and SO2), and on-road diesel vehicles (BC), especially superemitters. Emissions of ozone precursors were largely from thermal power plants (NOx), on-road gasoline vehicles (CO and NMVOC) and fugitive emissions from mining (CH4). Highly uncertain default emission factors were the principal contributors to uncertainties in emission estimates, indicating the need for region specific measurements. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
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Pandey, A; Sadavarte, P; Rao, A B; Venkataraman, C Trends in multi-pollutant emissions from a technology-linked inventory for India: II. Residential, agricultural and informal industry sectors Journal Article Atmospheric Environment, 99 , pp. 341-352, 2014, (cited By 24). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Aerosols, Agricultural burning; Industry sectors; Ozone precursors; Residential sectors, agricultural land; agricultural procedures; Article; atmospheric dispersion; biomass; combustion; cooking; exhaust gas; greenhouse gas; India; industry; particulate matter; residential area; trend study, biomass; estimation method; human activity; pollutant source; pollution incidence; pollution monitoring, coal; kerosene; ozone, Greenhouse gases, India @article{Pandey2014341,
title = {Trends in multi-pollutant emissions from a technology-linked inventory for India: II. Residential, agricultural and informal industry sectors}, author = {A Pandey and P Sadavarte and A B Rao and C Venkataraman}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907990708&doi=10.1016%2fj.atmosenv.2014.09.080&partnerID=40&md5=3fd5ba486d790a116cb9a7b1c698ec16}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.080}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {99}, pages = {341-352}, publisher = {Elsevier Ltd}, abstract = {Dispersed traditional combustion technologies, characterized by inefficient combustion and significant emissions, are widely used in residential cooking and “informal industries” including brick production, food and agricultural product processing operations like drying and cooking operations related to sugarcane juice, milk, food-grain, jute, silk, tea and coffee. In addition, seasonal agricultural residue burning in field is a discontinuous source of significant emissions. Here we estimate fuel consumption in these sectors and agricultural residue burned using detailed technology divisions and survey-based primary data for 2010 and projected between 1996 and 2015. In the residential sector, a decline in the fraction of solid biomass users for cooking from 79% in 1996 to 65% in 2010 was offset by a growing population, leading to a nearly constant population of solid biomass users, with a corresponding increase in the population of LPG users. Emissions from agriculture followed the growth in agricultural production and diesel use by tractors and pumps. Trends in emissions from the informal industries sector followed those in coal combustion in brick kilns. Residential biomass cooking stoves were the largest contributors to emissions of PM2.5, OC, CO, NMVOC and CH4. Highest emitting technologies of BC were residential kerosene wick lamps. Emissions of SO2 were largely from coal combustion in Bull’s trench kilns and other brick manufacturing technologies. Diesel use in tractors was the major source of NOx emissions. Uncertainties in emission estimates were principally from highly uncertain emission factors, particularly for technologies in the informal industries. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.}, note = {cited By 24}, keywords = {Aerosols, Agricultural burning; Industry sectors; Ozone precursors; Residential sectors, agricultural land; agricultural procedures; Article; atmospheric dispersion; biomass; combustion; cooking; exhaust gas; greenhouse gas; India; industry; particulate matter; residential area; trend study, biomass; estimation method; human activity; pollutant source; pollution incidence; pollution monitoring, coal; kerosene; ozone, Greenhouse gases, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Dispersed traditional combustion technologies, characterized by inefficient combustion and significant emissions, are widely used in residential cooking and “informal industries” including brick production, food and agricultural product processing operations like drying and cooking operations related to sugarcane juice, milk, food-grain, jute, silk, tea and coffee. In addition, seasonal agricultural residue burning in field is a discontinuous source of significant emissions. Here we estimate fuel consumption in these sectors and agricultural residue burned using detailed technology divisions and survey-based primary data for 2010 and projected between 1996 and 2015. In the residential sector, a decline in the fraction of solid biomass users for cooking from 79% in 1996 to 65% in 2010 was offset by a growing population, leading to a nearly constant population of solid biomass users, with a corresponding increase in the population of LPG users. Emissions from agriculture followed the growth in agricultural production and diesel use by tractors and pumps. Trends in emissions from the informal industries sector followed those in coal combustion in brick kilns. Residential biomass cooking stoves were the largest contributors to emissions of PM2.5, OC, CO, NMVOC and CH4. Highest emitting technologies of BC were residential kerosene wick lamps. Emissions of SO2 were largely from coal combustion in Bull’s trench kilns and other brick manufacturing technologies. Diesel use in tractors was the major source of NOx emissions. Uncertainties in emission estimates were principally from highly uncertain emission factors, particularly for technologies in the informal industries. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
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2013 |
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Shukla, S K; Nagpure, A S; Sharma, R; Sharma, D; Shukla, R N Assessment of environmental profile in the vicinity of Indian cement industry Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, 16 (4), pp. 326-342, 2013, (cited By 2). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Cement industry, cement; construction industry; dust; environmental impact assessment; environmental issue; health impact; industrial ecology; public health; socioeconomic status; sustainable development, Cements; Cultivation; Environmental impact assessments; Plants (botany), Disease spectrum; Dust pollution; Environmental profile; Impact assessments; Public health issues; Socio economies; Socio-economic status; Tuberculosis patients, India @article{Shukla2013326,
title = {Assessment of environmental profile in the vicinity of Indian cement industry}, author = {S K Shukla and A S Nagpure and R Sharma and D Sharma and R N Shukla}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879620206&doi=10.1504%2fIJETM.2013.054891&partnerID=40&md5=912004f5b3de2cd45305b86135e4ec2a}, doi = {10.1504/IJETM.2013.054891}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management}, volume = {16}, number = {4}, pages = {326-342}, abstract = {The present study focuses on an impact assessment of the cement industry on various social, environmental and public health issues. During the study, various socio-environmental issues, such as sex ratio, literacy rate, availability of basic amenities, disease spectrum, land use pattern, crop production, drinking water quality and the effect of emissions on vegetation were thoroughly addressed. Finally, the study also suggests a viable solution for the sustainable development of the cement industry in the particular area. The results show that socio-economic status (e.g. sex ratio, literacy rate and basic amenities) of study area are comparatively below than national average and the people health condition is also poor in the vicinity. Substantial numbers of asthma and tuberculosis patients have been found in study area during field visit. Study also reveals that leaves of dominating plant species in the study area are suffering from necrosis/chlorosis disease. Copyright © 2013 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.}, note = {cited By 2}, keywords = {Cement industry, cement; construction industry; dust; environmental impact assessment; environmental issue; health impact; industrial ecology; public health; socioeconomic status; sustainable development, Cements; Cultivation; Environmental impact assessments; Plants (botany), Disease spectrum; Dust pollution; Environmental profile; Impact assessments; Public health issues; Socio economies; Socio-economic status; Tuberculosis patients, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The present study focuses on an impact assessment of the cement industry on various social, environmental and public health issues. During the study, various socio-environmental issues, such as sex ratio, literacy rate, availability of basic amenities, disease spectrum, land use pattern, crop production, drinking water quality and the effect of emissions on vegetation were thoroughly addressed. Finally, the study also suggests a viable solution for the sustainable development of the cement industry in the particular area. The results show that socio-economic status (e.g. sex ratio, literacy rate and basic amenities) of study area are comparatively below than national average and the people health condition is also poor in the vicinity. Substantial numbers of asthma and tuberculosis patients have been found in study area during field visit. Study also reveals that leaves of dominating plant species in the study area are suffering from necrosis/chlorosis disease. Copyright © 2013 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
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Cherian, R; Venkataraman, C; Quaas, J; Ramachandran, S GCM simulations of anthropogenic aerosol-induced changes in aerosol extinction, atmospheric heating and precipitation over India Journal Article Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 118 (7), pp. 2938-2955, 2013, (cited By 22). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Aerosol indirect effect; Aerosol optical depths; Anthropogenic emissions; Convective precipitation; General circulation model; Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer; Monsoon precipitation; Surface solar radiation, Atmospheric aerosols; Atmospheric thermodynamics; Computer simulation; Radiometers; Satellite imagery; Sun; Weather forecasting, India, Precipitation (meteorology) @article{Cherian20132938,
title = {GCM simulations of anthropogenic aerosol-induced changes in aerosol extinction, atmospheric heating and precipitation over India}, author = {R Cherian and C Venkataraman and J Quaas and S Ramachandran}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84882374599&doi=10.1002%2fjgrd.50298&partnerID=40&md5=faf426c44e1a53b614711b6f9560fec8}, doi = {10.1002/jgrd.50298}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres}, volume = {118}, number = {7}, pages = {2938-2955}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, abstract = {The influence of anthropogenic emissions on aerosol distributions and the hydrological cycle are examined with a focus on monsoon precipitation over the Indian subcontinent, during January 2001 to December 2005, using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts-Hamburg (ECHAM5.5) general circulation model extended by the Hamburg Aerosol Module (HAM). The seasonal variability of aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieved from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the Terra and Aqua satellite is broadly well simulated (R≈0.6-0.85) by the model. The spatial distribution and seasonal cycle of the precipitation observed over the Indian region are reasonably well simulated (R≈0.5 to 0.8) by the model, while in terms of absolute magnitude, the model underestimates precipitation, in particular in the south-west (SW) monsoon season. The model simulates significant anthropogenic aerosol-induced changes in clear-sky net surface solar radiation (dimming greater than -7 W m-2), which agrees well with the observed trends over the Indian region. A statistically significant decreasing precipitation trend is simulated only for the SWmonsoon season over the central-north Indian region, which is consistent with the observed seasonal trend over the Indian region. In the model, this decrease results from a reduction in convective precipitation, where there is an increase in stratiform cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) and solar dimming that resulted from increased stability and reduced evaporation. Similarities in spatial patterns suggest that surface cooling, mainly by the aerosol indirect effect, is responsible for this reduction in convective activity. When changes in large-scale dynamics are allowed by slightly disturbing the initial state of the atmosphere, aerosol absorption in addition leads to a further stabilization of the lower troposphere, further reducing convective precipitation. © 2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.}, note = {cited By 22}, keywords = {Aerosol indirect effect; Aerosol optical depths; Anthropogenic emissions; Convective precipitation; General circulation model; Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer; Monsoon precipitation; Surface solar radiation, Atmospheric aerosols; Atmospheric thermodynamics; Computer simulation; Radiometers; Satellite imagery; Sun; Weather forecasting, India, Precipitation (meteorology)}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The influence of anthropogenic emissions on aerosol distributions and the hydrological cycle are examined with a focus on monsoon precipitation over the Indian subcontinent, during January 2001 to December 2005, using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts-Hamburg (ECHAM5.5) general circulation model extended by the Hamburg Aerosol Module (HAM). The seasonal variability of aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieved from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the Terra and Aqua satellite is broadly well simulated (R≈0.6-0.85) by the model. The spatial distribution and seasonal cycle of the precipitation observed over the Indian region are reasonably well simulated (R≈0.5 to 0.8) by the model, while in terms of absolute magnitude, the model underestimates precipitation, in particular in the south-west (SW) monsoon season. The model simulates significant anthropogenic aerosol-induced changes in clear-sky net surface solar radiation (dimming greater than -7 W m-2), which agrees well with the observed trends over the Indian region. A statistically significant decreasing precipitation trend is simulated only for the SWmonsoon season over the central-north Indian region, which is consistent with the observed seasonal trend over the Indian region. In the model, this decrease results from a reduction in convective precipitation, where there is an increase in stratiform cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) and solar dimming that resulted from increased stability and reduced evaporation. Similarities in spatial patterns suggest that surface cooling, mainly by the aerosol indirect effect, is responsible for this reduction in convective activity. When changes in large-scale dynamics are allowed by slightly disturbing the initial state of the atmosphere, aerosol absorption in addition leads to a further stabilization of the lower troposphere, further reducing convective precipitation. © 2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
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Lakshmi, P V M; Virdi, N K; Sharma, A; Tripathy, J P; Smith, K R; Bates, M N; Kumar, R Household air pollution and stillbirths in India: Analysis of the DLHS-II National Survey Journal Article Environmental Research, 121 , pp. 17-22, 2013, (cited By 29). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent; Adult; Air Pollution, atmospheric pollution; biomass burning; fuelwood; health risk; health survey; indoor air; neonate; Poisson ratio; pregnancy, fuel; kerosene; liquefied petroleum gas, India, Indoor; Cooking; Electricity; Environmental Exposure; Family Characteristics; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; India; Kerosene; Maternal Age; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Regression Analysis; Risk Factors; Rural Population; Socioeconomic Factors; Stillbirth; Young Adult @article{Lakshmi201317,
title = {Household air pollution and stillbirths in India: Analysis of the DLHS-II National Survey}, author = {P V M Lakshmi and N K Virdi and A Sharma and J P Tripathy and K R Smith and M N Bates and R Kumar}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873997206&doi=10.1016%2fj.envres.2012.12.004&partnerID=40&md5=986439d7b1e651498ec2d8de46775541}, doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2012.12.004}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Environmental Research}, volume = {121}, pages = {17-22}, abstract = {Background: Several studies have linked biomass cooking fuel with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm births, low birth weight and post-neonatal infant mortality, but very few have studied the associations with cooking fuel independent of other factors associated with stillbirths. Method: We analyzed the data from 188,917 ever-married women aged 15-49 included in India’s 2003-2004 District Level Household Survey-II to investigate the association between household use of cooking fuels (liquid petroleum gas/electricity, kerosene, biomass) and risk of stillbirth. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were obtained using Poisson regression with robust standard errors after controlling for several potentially confounding factors (socio-demographic and maternal health characteristics). Results: Risk factors significantly associated with occurrence of stillbirth in the Poisson regression with robust standard errors model were: literacy status of the mother and father, lighting fuel and cooking fuel used, gravida status, history of previous abortion, whether the woman had an antenatal check up, age at last pregnancy >35 years, labor complications, bleeding complications, fetal and other complications, prematurity and home delivery. After controlling the effect of these factors, women who cook with firewood (PR 1.24; 95%; CI: 1.08-1.41}, note = {cited By 29}, keywords = {Adolescent; Adult; Air Pollution, atmospheric pollution; biomass burning; fuelwood; health risk; health survey; indoor air; neonate; Poisson ratio; pregnancy, fuel; kerosene; liquefied petroleum gas, India, Indoor; Cooking; Electricity; Environmental Exposure; Family Characteristics; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; India; Kerosene; Maternal Age; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Regression Analysis; Risk Factors; Rural Population; Socioeconomic Factors; Stillbirth; Young Adult}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: Several studies have linked biomass cooking fuel with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm births, low birth weight and post-neonatal infant mortality, but very few have studied the associations with cooking fuel independent of other factors associated with stillbirths. Method: We analyzed the data from 188,917 ever-married women aged 15-49 included in India’s 2003-2004 District Level Household Survey-II to investigate the association between household use of cooking fuels (liquid petroleum gas/electricity, kerosene, biomass) and risk of stillbirth. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were obtained using Poisson regression with robust standard errors after controlling for several potentially confounding factors (socio-demographic and maternal health characteristics). Results: Risk factors significantly associated with occurrence of stillbirth in the Poisson regression with robust standard errors model were: literacy status of the mother and father, lighting fuel and cooking fuel used, gravida status, history of previous abortion, whether the woman had an antenatal check up, age at last pregnancy >35 years, labor complications, bleeding complications, fetal and other complications, prematurity and home delivery. After controlling the effect of these factors, women who cook with firewood (PR 1.24; 95%; CI: 1.08-1.41
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Gurugubelli, B; Pervez, S; Tiwari, S Characterization and spatiotemporal variation of urban ambient dust fallout in central India Journal Article Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 13 (1), pp. 83-96, 2013, (cited By 8). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Air pollution measurements; Central India; Chemical characterization; Chemical constituents; Dust particle; Fine particulate matter; Longitudinal data; Source apportionment; Spatial variability; Spatio-temporal variation; Urban areas; Urban receptors; Urban zones, ambient air; atmospheric pollution; dust; fallout; spatiotemporal analysis; urban atmosphere, Dust, Fallout, India @article{Gurugubelli201383,
title = {Characterization and spatiotemporal variation of urban ambient dust fallout in central India}, author = {B Gurugubelli and S Pervez and S Tiwari}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84872967005&doi=10.4209%2faaqr.2012.06.0141&partnerID=40&md5=5d86dd026c4327f617b80dbfef10bb6f}, doi = {10.4209/aaqr.2012.06.0141}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Aerosol and Air Quality Research}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {83-96}, abstract = {Earlier studies on air pollution measurements found that significant dust fallout is a severe problem in central India, with levels of fine particulate matter being several time higher than the prescribed limits. This study mainly examined the spatiotemporal variation and source apportionment of ambient dust fallout (coarser dust particles size > 20 micron) in urban areas of central India. This paper deals the spatiotemporal variation of dust fallout at ambient levels of environmentally defined urban receptors. The dust fallout levels were found to be in the range of 13.73 ± 5.46 to 78.82 ± 34.81 g/m2/month; two to five-fold higher than earlier measurements in same region during 1999-2000. The spatiotemporal variation of dust fallout levels across the selected environmentally defined urban zones was found to be 89%, and the different spatial variabilities of 24 chemical constituents of the dust fallout found in this work indicate the complexity of its source signatures. Statistical boxplots of longitudinal data of dust fall chemical constituents are also carried out to assess the means and outliers among different percentile levels. © Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research.}, note = {cited By 8}, keywords = {Air pollution measurements; Central India; Chemical characterization; Chemical constituents; Dust particle; Fine particulate matter; Longitudinal data; Source apportionment; Spatial variability; Spatio-temporal variation; Urban areas; Urban receptors; Urban zones, ambient air; atmospheric pollution; dust; fallout; spatiotemporal analysis; urban atmosphere, Dust, Fallout, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Earlier studies on air pollution measurements found that significant dust fallout is a severe problem in central India, with levels of fine particulate matter being several time higher than the prescribed limits. This study mainly examined the spatiotemporal variation and source apportionment of ambient dust fallout (coarser dust particles size > 20 micron) in urban areas of central India. This paper deals the spatiotemporal variation of dust fallout at ambient levels of environmentally defined urban receptors. The dust fallout levels were found to be in the range of 13.73 ± 5.46 to 78.82 ± 34.81 g/m2/month; two to five-fold higher than earlier measurements in same region during 1999-2000. The spatiotemporal variation of dust fallout levels across the selected environmentally defined urban zones was found to be 89%, and the different spatial variabilities of 24 chemical constituents of the dust fallout found in this work indicate the complexity of its source signatures. Statistical boxplots of longitudinal data of dust fall chemical constituents are also carried out to assess the means and outliers among different percentile levels. © Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research.
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Samala, B K; C, N; Banerjee, S; Kaginalkar, A; Dalvi, M Study of the Indian summer monsoon using WRF-ROMS regional coupled model simulations Journal Article Atmospheric Science Letters, 14 (1), pp. 20-27, 2013, (cited By 12). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: air-sea interaction; atmosphere-ocean coupling; general circulation model; heat flux; monsoon; rainfall; sea surface temperature; summer, India @article{Samala201320,
title = {Study of the Indian summer monsoon using WRF-ROMS regional coupled model simulations}, author = {B K Samala and N C and S Banerjee and A Kaginalkar and M Dalvi}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873142916&doi=10.1002%2fasl2.409&partnerID=40&md5=fb81d43c41c7ccff9c499bb04e498385}, doi = {10.1002/asl2.409}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Science Letters}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {20-27}, abstract = {A coupled regional atmosphere-ocean modeling system is developed using the existing regional models WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) and ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System) to study the influence of air-sea interactions on the simulation of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). The two-way coupled regional model exchanges heat fluxes from atmosphere to ocean model and sea surface temperature (SST) from ocean to atmospheric model. The coupled model is used to simulate from May to September of ISM months of each year from 2000-2007, and the results are compared with observations and standalone atmospheric and oceanic models. The results show that the coupling improves the simulation of the Indian summer monsoon seasonal rainfall as well as the intra-seasonal oscillations of the rainfall. © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society.}, note = {cited By 12}, keywords = {air-sea interaction; atmosphere-ocean coupling; general circulation model; heat flux; monsoon; rainfall; sea surface temperature; summer, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A coupled regional atmosphere-ocean modeling system is developed using the existing regional models WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) and ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System) to study the influence of air-sea interactions on the simulation of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). The two-way coupled regional model exchanges heat fluxes from atmosphere to ocean model and sea surface temperature (SST) from ocean to atmospheric model. The coupled model is used to simulate from May to September of ISM months of each year from 2000-2007, and the results are compared with observations and standalone atmospheric and oceanic models. The results show that the coupling improves the simulation of the Indian summer monsoon seasonal rainfall as well as the intra-seasonal oscillations of the rainfall. © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society.
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Ghude, S D; Kulkarni, S H; Jena, C; Pfister, G G; Beig, G; Fadnavis, S; Der, Van R J Application of satellite observations for identifying regions of dominant sources of nitrogen oxides over the indian subcontinent Journal Article Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 118 (2), pp. 1075-1089, 2013, (cited By 25). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Air quality monitoring networks; Anthropogenic sources; Biomass burning emissions; Emission inventories; Indian subcontinents; Satellite observations; Seasonal variability; Thermal power plants, air quality; atmospheric pollution; biomass burning; coal; correlation; emission; identification method; in situ measurement; measurement method; molecular analysis; nitrogen oxides; observational method; ozone; pollutant source; power plant; satellite imagery, Air quality; Biomass; Estimation; Nitrogen compounds; Thermoelectric power plants; Troposphere; Ultraviolet spectrometers, India, Nitrogen oxides @article{Ghude20131075,
title = {Application of satellite observations for identifying regions of dominant sources of nitrogen oxides over the indian subcontinent}, author = {S D Ghude and S H Kulkarni and C Jena and G G Pfister and G Beig and S Fadnavis and R J Van Der}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880588400&doi=10.1029%2f2012JD017811&partnerID=40&md5=54c04dba97466afaab07df4765b3e595}, doi = {10.1029/2012JD017811}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres}, volume = {118}, number = {2}, pages = {1075-1089}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, abstract = {We used SCIAMACHY (10:00 LT) and OMI (13:30 LT) tropospheric NO note = {cited By 25}, keywords = {Air quality monitoring networks; Anthropogenic sources; Biomass burning emissions; Emission inventories; Indian subcontinents; Satellite observations; Seasonal variability; Thermal power plants, air quality; atmospheric pollution; biomass burning; coal; correlation; emission; identification method; in situ measurement; measurement method; molecular analysis; nitrogen oxides; observational method; ozone; pollutant source; power plant; satellite imagery, Air quality; Biomass; Estimation; Nitrogen compounds; Thermoelectric power plants; Troposphere; Ultraviolet spectrometers, India, Nitrogen oxides}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We used SCIAMACHY (10:00 LT) and OMI (13:30 LT) tropospheric NO<inf>2</inf> columns to study diurnal and seasonal patterns in NO<inf>2</inf> concentrations over India. Using characteristics of seasonal variability in tropospheric NO2 columns, we present a simple methodology to identify the dominant NO<inf>x</inf> source category for specific regions in India. Regions where the dominant source category is classified as biomass burning are found generally to agree with the ATSR fire count distribution. Relating OMI NO<inf>2</inf> columns to surface NO<inf>x</inf> emission, we find that biomass burning emission account for an average flux of 1.55×1011 molecules cm-2 s-1 during the peak burning period. Furthermore, extrapolating this estimated flux to the total burned area for the year 2005, biomass burning is estimated to account for 72 Gg of N emissions. Additional analysis of fire events in Northeast India shows a marked increase in TES retrieved O<inf>3</inf> concentrations, suggesting significant photochemical ozone formation during the peak biomass burning period. Regions where the dominant source type was categorized as anthropogenic are in good agreement with the distribution of major industrial regions and urban centers in India. Tropospheric NO<inf>2</inf> columns over these anthropogenic source regions increased by 3.8% per year between 2003 and 2011, which is consistent with the growth in oil and coal consumption in India. The OMI-derived surface NO<inf>2</inf> mixing ratios are indirectly validated with the surface in situ measurements (correlation r = 0.85
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Nagpure, A S; Gurjar, B R Development and evaluation of vehicular air pollution inventory model Journal Article Atmospheric Environment, 59 , pp. 160-169, 2012, (cited By 16). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Air pollution, air pollution; altitude; ambient air; article; exhaust gas; humidity; motor vehicle; priority journal; temperature; Vehicular Air Pollution emission Inventory model, ambient air; anthropogenic source; atmospheric pollution; data set; developing world; emission inventory; evaporation; numerical model; road transport; temporal analysis; traffic emission; urban atmosphere, carbon monoxide; nitric oxide, Developing countries; Estimation; Street traffic control, India @article{Nagpure2012160,
title = {Development and evaluation of vehicular air pollution inventory model}, author = {A S Nagpure and B R Gurjar}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863463131&doi=10.1016%2fj.atmosenv.2012.04.044&partnerID=40&md5=f068ee2ff4205a781ae4c8760edac44e}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.04.044}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {59}, pages = {160-169}, abstract = {Estimating emissions by road traffic is a key-issue for air pollution management in many regions. Emission models are important tools to help compute vehicular exhausts. There are several vehicular emission models available worldwide, though most of them have been developed in countries with advanced economies. Due to substantial differences in conditions and available datasets, application of these models in developing countries like India might be misleading. To bridge the gap between the available models and the tools needed in developing countries, the Vehicular Air Pollution emission Inventory (VAPI) model has been developed and evaluated. The proposed VAPI model is based on a simple approach incorporating emission factors and correction factors. This model can be used for estimating emissions for exhaust, evaporative and non-exhaust conditions in Indian cities. The temporal trend of emission estimates calculated with the VAPI model show reasonable agreement with ambient air concentrations monitored at locations significantly influenced by vehicular activity. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.}, note = {cited By 16}, keywords = {Air pollution, air pollution; altitude; ambient air; article; exhaust gas; humidity; motor vehicle; priority journal; temperature; Vehicular Air Pollution emission Inventory model, ambient air; anthropogenic source; atmospheric pollution; data set; developing world; emission inventory; evaporation; numerical model; road transport; temporal analysis; traffic emission; urban atmosphere, carbon monoxide; nitric oxide, Developing countries; Estimation; Street traffic control, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Estimating emissions by road traffic is a key-issue for air pollution management in many regions. Emission models are important tools to help compute vehicular exhausts. There are several vehicular emission models available worldwide, though most of them have been developed in countries with advanced economies. Due to substantial differences in conditions and available datasets, application of these models in developing countries like India might be misleading. To bridge the gap between the available models and the tools needed in developing countries, the Vehicular Air Pollution emission Inventory (VAPI) model has been developed and evaluated. The proposed VAPI model is based on a simple approach incorporating emission factors and correction factors. This model can be used for estimating emissions for exhaust, evaporative and non-exhaust conditions in Indian cities. The temporal trend of emission estimates calculated with the VAPI model show reasonable agreement with ambient air concentrations monitored at locations significantly influenced by vehicular activity. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
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Pant, P; Harrison, R M Critical review of receptor modelling for particulate matter: A case study of India Journal Article Atmospheric Environment, 49 , pp. 1-12, 2012, (cited By 133). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: abatement cost; air sampling; airborne sensing; atmospheric modeling; atmospheric pollution; biomarker; mass balance; multivariate analysis; particulate matter, alkane; aluminum; biofuel; bromine; cadmium; calcium; chlorine; chromium; coal; cobalt; copper; gasoline; hopanoid; iron; lead; lithium; magnesium; manganese; organic carbon; potassium; scandium; silicon; sodium; sulfate; titanium; vanadium; zinc, Atmospherics, Chemical mass balance; India; Multivariate models; Receptor model; Source apportionment, Earth atmosphere; Promethium, India @article{Pant20121,
title = {Critical review of receptor modelling for particulate matter: A case study of India}, author = {P Pant and R M Harrison}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856547135&doi=10.1016%2fj.atmosenv.2011.11.060&partnerID=40&md5=3f28fac90d9b1795c31719d43c09b632}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.060}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {49}, pages = {1-12}, abstract = {India is used as a case study in reviewing the application of receptor models for source apportionment. India has high concentrations of airborne particulate matter, and the application of effective abatement measures is a high priority, and demands confidence in the results of source apportionment studies. The many studies conducted are reviewed, and reveal a very wide range of conclusions, even for the same city. To some degree these divergences may be the result of using different sampling locations and/or seasons, but to a large extent differences probably arise from methodological weaknesses. The assignment of factors from multivariate receptor models to specific source categories is in many cases highly questionable as factors often include combinations of chemical constituents that are of low plausibility. This ambiguity in terms of presence of tracer elements may be the result of genuine collinearity of diverse sources, or more probably arises from methodological problems. Few studies have used either organic molecular markers or chemical mass balance (CMB) models, and there is a shortage of data on locally-derived emission source profiles, although recent work has begun to remedy this weakness. The conclusions include a number of recommendations for use in design of future studies. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.}, note = {cited By 133}, keywords = {abatement cost; air sampling; airborne sensing; atmospheric modeling; atmospheric pollution; biomarker; mass balance; multivariate analysis; particulate matter, alkane; aluminum; biofuel; bromine; cadmium; calcium; chlorine; chromium; coal; cobalt; copper; gasoline; hopanoid; iron; lead; lithium; magnesium; manganese; organic carbon; potassium; scandium; silicon; sodium; sulfate; titanium; vanadium; zinc, Atmospherics, Chemical mass balance; India; Multivariate models; Receptor model; Source apportionment, Earth atmosphere; Promethium, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } India is used as a case study in reviewing the application of receptor models for source apportionment. India has high concentrations of airborne particulate matter, and the application of effective abatement measures is a high priority, and demands confidence in the results of source apportionment studies. The many studies conducted are reviewed, and reveal a very wide range of conclusions, even for the same city. To some degree these divergences may be the result of using different sampling locations and/or seasons, but to a large extent differences probably arise from methodological weaknesses. The assignment of factors from multivariate receptor models to specific source categories is in many cases highly questionable as factors often include combinations of chemical constituents that are of low plausibility. This ambiguity in terms of presence of tracer elements may be the result of genuine collinearity of diverse sources, or more probably arises from methodological problems. Few studies have used either organic molecular markers or chemical mass balance (CMB) models, and there is a shortage of data on locally-derived emission source profiles, although recent work has begun to remedy this weakness. The conclusions include a number of recommendations for use in design of future studies. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
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Pervez, S; Dubey, N; Watson, J G; Chow, J; Pervez, Y Impact of different household fuel use on source apportionment results of house-Indoor RPM in central India Journal Article Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 12 (1), pp. 49-60, 2012, (cited By 19). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: activity pattern; air quality; air sampling; anthropogenic source; atmospheric pollution; fuel consumption; indoor air; industrial emission; ion chromatography; particulate matter; questionnaire survey; resident population; respiration; traffic congestion; urban area, Air quality; Atomic emission spectroscopy; Chemical analysis; Indoor air pollution; Industrial emissions; Industry; Stoves; Surveys, Fuels, India @article{Pervez201249,
title = {Impact of different household fuel use on source apportionment results of house-Indoor RPM in central India}, author = {S Pervez and N Dubey and J G Watson and J Chow and Y Pervez}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84855611705&doi=10.4209%2faaqr.2011.08.0124&partnerID=40&md5=94308184bc265f405e2f8c47e4680f43}, doi = {10.4209/aaqr.2011.08.0124}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Aerosol and Air Quality Research}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {49-60}, abstract = {Conventional character of household fuel use in India showed significant impact on residential-indoor air quality and consequently deteriorating personal air quality of inhabitants. Multi-complexity in location and type of industrial unitsalong with haphazard traffic system are some of the major challenges in resolving relative source contribution with higher significance, especially in case of indoor and personal level air quality. On the basis of questionnaire survey that include daily activity pattern with use of household cooking fuel by local residents, three fuel categories identified: 1) Use of Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) stove, 2) Use of kerosene stoves and electric stoves and 3) Conventional stoves using coke and cow dung cakes. In many of middle class residents, kitchen cooking is depending on all three categorized fuels. A longitudinal measurements of respirable particulate matter (RPM) in residential-indoors, ambient-outdoors of selected source sites and local-outdoor of road-traffic junctions have been monitored during October-December 2009. Sampling frequency was ten (twice in a week). Chemical Mass Balance (CMB8) was executed using source-routes and indoor-receptor compositional profiles. Results have shown significant variation in relative contributions of outdoor sources with potential impact of household fuel emission on source contributions of indoor RPM. Results also explained extent of contribution from roadtraffic emissions, local soils and major industrial complex to indoor RPM levels. RELEVANCE: The study is the part of comprehensive assessment of source apportionment of particulate matter at ambient, indoor, personal and surface levels in urban-industrial environment of central India using. 21 chemical species have been analyzed using standard reported protocol of ICP-AES and ion-chromatograph. Source apportionment has been conducted using two methods: Preliminary- linear regression, then using CMB8. © Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research.}, note = {cited By 19}, keywords = {activity pattern; air quality; air sampling; anthropogenic source; atmospheric pollution; fuel consumption; indoor air; industrial emission; ion chromatography; particulate matter; questionnaire survey; resident population; respiration; traffic congestion; urban area, Air quality; Atomic emission spectroscopy; Chemical analysis; Indoor air pollution; Industrial emissions; Industry; Stoves; Surveys, Fuels, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Conventional character of household fuel use in India showed significant impact on residential-indoor air quality and consequently deteriorating personal air quality of inhabitants. Multi-complexity in location and type of industrial unitsalong with haphazard traffic system are some of the major challenges in resolving relative source contribution with higher significance, especially in case of indoor and personal level air quality. On the basis of questionnaire survey that include daily activity pattern with use of household cooking fuel by local residents, three fuel categories identified: 1) Use of Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) stove, 2) Use of kerosene stoves and electric stoves and 3) Conventional stoves using coke and cow dung cakes. In many of middle class residents, kitchen cooking is depending on all three categorized fuels. A longitudinal measurements of respirable particulate matter (RPM) in residential-indoors, ambient-outdoors of selected source sites and local-outdoor of road-traffic junctions have been monitored during October-December 2009. Sampling frequency was ten (twice in a week). Chemical Mass Balance (CMB8) was executed using source-routes and indoor-receptor compositional profiles. Results have shown significant variation in relative contributions of outdoor sources with potential impact of household fuel emission on source contributions of indoor RPM. Results also explained extent of contribution from roadtraffic emissions, local soils and major industrial complex to indoor RPM levels. RELEVANCE: The study is the part of comprehensive assessment of source apportionment of particulate matter at ambient, indoor, personal and surface levels in urban-industrial environment of central India using. 21 chemical species have been analyzed using standard reported protocol of ICP-AES and ion-chromatograph. Source apportionment has been conducted using two methods: Preliminary- linear regression, then using CMB8. © Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research.
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Dey, S; Girolamo, Di L A decade of change in aerosol properties over the Indian subcontinent Journal Article Geophysical Research Letters, 38 (14), 2011, (cited By 79). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Aerosol optical depths; Aerosol properties; Anthropogenic activity; Hotspots; Human health; Multiangle imaging spectroradiometer; Oceanic regions; Particle size and shape; Regional climate; Seasonal patterns; Urban centers, Air quality; Atmospheric aerosols; Rural areas, air quality; atmospheric pollution; climate change; decadal variation; human activity; MISR; optical depth; particle size; population density; public health; regional climate; rural area; spacecraft; Terra (satellite), Climate change, India @article{Dey2011,
title = {A decade of change in aerosol properties over the Indian subcontinent}, author = {S Dey and L Di Girolamo}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79961119296&doi=10.1029%2f2011GL048153&partnerID=40&md5=ee4157e85b9b28d4c9821bbe20ebf066}, doi = {10.1029/2011GL048153}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Geophysical Research Letters}, volume = {38}, number = {14}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, abstract = {Changing atmospheric aerosol properties caused by anthropogenic activities carries serious implications for climate change and human health. The launch of the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) onboard Terra spacecraft more than a decade ago provides the first capability to monitor several physical properties of aerosols over land from space. We use ten years (Mar 2000-Feb 2010) of observations from MISR to quantify seasonal linear trends of aerosol optical depth () segregated by particle size and shape over the Indian subcontinent. Here we show that many regions (referred to here as hotspots) have statistically significant (i.e., p < 0.05) seasonal linear trends in , with seasonal increasing in the range 0.1-0.4 in the last decade. These hotspots are associated with urban centers and densely-populated rural areas. Based on particle size and shape, we demonstrate that the trends, facilitated by topography and synoptic scale meteorology, are attributed to a significant rise in anthropogenic particles with additional contribution of natural particles in the rural and oceanic regions. The spatial and seasonal patterns of trends suggest greater complexity in quantifying potential aerosol-induced regional climate and air quality effects, particularly at coarser scales. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.}, note = {cited By 79}, keywords = {Aerosol optical depths; Aerosol properties; Anthropogenic activity; Hotspots; Human health; Multiangle imaging spectroradiometer; Oceanic regions; Particle size and shape; Regional climate; Seasonal patterns; Urban centers, Air quality; Atmospheric aerosols; Rural areas, air quality; atmospheric pollution; climate change; decadal variation; human activity; MISR; optical depth; particle size; population density; public health; regional climate; rural area; spacecraft; Terra (satellite), Climate change, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Changing atmospheric aerosol properties caused by anthropogenic activities carries serious implications for climate change and human health. The launch of the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) onboard Terra spacecraft more than a decade ago provides the first capability to monitor several physical properties of aerosols over land from space. We use ten years (Mar 2000-Feb 2010) of observations from MISR to quantify seasonal linear trends of aerosol optical depth () segregated by particle size and shape over the Indian subcontinent. Here we show that many regions (referred to here as hotspots) have statistically significant (i.e., p < 0.05) seasonal linear trends in , with seasonal increasing in the range 0.1-0.4 in the last decade. These hotspots are associated with urban centers and densely-populated rural areas. Based on particle size and shape, we demonstrate that the trends, facilitated by topography and synoptic scale meteorology, are attributed to a significant rise in anthropogenic particles with additional contribution of natural particles in the rural and oceanic regions. The spatial and seasonal patterns of trends suggest greater complexity in quantifying potential aerosol-induced regional climate and air quality effects, particularly at coarser scales. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.
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Newell, P; Phillips, J; Purohit, P The Political Economy of Clean Development in India: CDM and Beyond Journal Article IDS Bulletin, 42 (3), pp. 89-96, 2011, (cited By 13). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: carbon emission; clean development mechanism; emission control; energy policy; governance approach; institutional framework; political economy; pollution policy, India @article{Newell201189,
title = {The Political Economy of Clean Development in India: CDM and Beyond}, author = {P Newell and J Phillips and P Purohit}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955658951&doi=10.1111%2fj.1759-5436.2011.00226.x&partnerID=40&md5=0a279a67f0adc357a98d1c16f5eff7f5}, doi = {10.1111/j.1759-5436.2011.00226.x}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {IDS Bulletin}, volume = {42}, number = {3}, pages = {89-96}, abstract = {Global policies and instruments to tackle climate change look very different once translated into domestic programmes of action, reflecting varied institutional capacity, competing priorities, and diverse political cultures and political economies. In light of these variations, this article analyses how clean energy is governed in India, both through and beyond the Clean Development Mechanism. Governance processes are assessed across a number of scales, including various actors involved in mobilising finance and providing political and institutional support for clean energy. The nature of these relationships ultimately determines the nature of the relationship between policy goals such as energy security, alleviation of energy poverty and greenhouse gas emission reductions. Understanding these governance dimensions is therefore critical to assessing prospects for low carbon energy transitions in rapidly industrialising countries such as India. © 2011 The Authors. IDS Bulletin © 2011 Institute of Development Studies.}, note = {cited By 13}, keywords = {carbon emission; clean development mechanism; emission control; energy policy; governance approach; institutional framework; political economy; pollution policy, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Global policies and instruments to tackle climate change look very different once translated into domestic programmes of action, reflecting varied institutional capacity, competing priorities, and diverse political cultures and political economies. In light of these variations, this article analyses how clean energy is governed in India, both through and beyond the Clean Development Mechanism. Governance processes are assessed across a number of scales, including various actors involved in mobilising finance and providing political and institutional support for clean energy. The nature of these relationships ultimately determines the nature of the relationship between policy goals such as energy security, alleviation of energy poverty and greenhouse gas emission reductions. Understanding these governance dimensions is therefore critical to assessing prospects for low carbon energy transitions in rapidly industrialising countries such as India. © 2011 The Authors. IDS Bulletin © 2011 Institute of Development Studies.
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2010 |
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Fadnavis, S; Chakraborty, T; Beig, G Seasonal stratospheric intrusion of ozone in the upper troposphere over India Journal Article Annales Geophysicae, 28 (11), pp. 2149-2159, 2010, (cited By 17). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: atmospheric chemistry; microwave imagery; mixing ratio; monsoon; ozone; potential vorticity; relative humidity; satellite imagery; stratosphere; tropopause; troposphere, India @article{Fadnavis20102149,
title = {Seasonal stratospheric intrusion of ozone in the upper troposphere over India}, author = {S Fadnavis and T Chakraborty and G Beig}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649572639&doi=10.5194%2fangeo-28-2149-2010&partnerID=40&md5=31fedcd9497b5353302d592c4884bb95}, doi = {10.5194/angeo-28-2149-2010}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Annales Geophysicae}, volume = {28}, number = {11}, pages = {2149-2159}, abstract = {The Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers-2 (MOZART-2) is used to examine the evolution of pollutant O3 in the upper troposphere over the Indian region. Vertical profiles of ozone mixing ratio retrieved from Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard Earth Observing System (EOS) AURA satellite for the period 2005-2009 and Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) aboard (EOS) AURA for the period 2006-2007 has been analyzed. The satellite observations reveal the evidence of downward propagation of ozone (100-200 ppb) due to stratospheric intrusion during the winter and pre-monsoon seasons. The regular feature of enhancement of ozone in the upper troposphere over India is presented. Results obtained by the MOZART-2 simulations (for years 2000-2005) confirm the observations and indicate stratospheric intrusion of O3 during winter and pre-monsoon seasons. Observed enhanced O3 mixing ratio in the upper troposphere is explained by, variation of Potential Vorticity (PV), tropopause pressure, relative humidity and CO-O3 correlation. © Author(s) 2010.}, note = {cited By 17}, keywords = {atmospheric chemistry; microwave imagery; mixing ratio; monsoon; ozone; potential vorticity; relative humidity; satellite imagery; stratosphere; tropopause; troposphere, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers-2 (MOZART-2) is used to examine the evolution of pollutant O3 in the upper troposphere over the Indian region. Vertical profiles of ozone mixing ratio retrieved from Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard Earth Observing System (EOS) AURA satellite for the period 2005-2009 and Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) aboard (EOS) AURA for the period 2006-2007 has been analyzed. The satellite observations reveal the evidence of downward propagation of ozone (100-200 ppb) due to stratospheric intrusion during the winter and pre-monsoon seasons. The regular feature of enhancement of ozone in the upper troposphere over India is presented. Results obtained by the MOZART-2 simulations (for years 2000-2005) confirm the observations and indicate stratospheric intrusion of O3 during winter and pre-monsoon seasons. Observed enhanced O3 mixing ratio in the upper troposphere is explained by, variation of Potential Vorticity (PV), tropopause pressure, relative humidity and CO-O3 correlation. © Author(s) 2010.
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Venkataraman, C; Sagar, A D; Habib, G; Lam, N; Smith, K R The Indian National Initiative for Advanced Biomass Cookstoves: The benefits of clean combustion Journal Article Energy for Sustainable Development, 14 (2), pp. 63-72, 2010, (cited By 136). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: air quality; biomass power; black carbon; carbon emission; emission control; household energy; liquefied petroleum gas; technological development, Air quality; Coal combustion; Combustion; Fuels; Greenhouses; Particulate emissions; Pollution; Stoves, Avoided emissions; Black carbon emission; Emissions reduction; Greenhouse emissions; Incomplete combustion; National initiatives; Regional air quality; Technology development, Biomass, India @article{Venkataraman201063,
title = {The Indian National Initiative for Advanced Biomass Cookstoves: The benefits of clean combustion}, author = {C Venkataraman and A D Sagar and G Habib and N Lam and K R Smith}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954817339&doi=10.1016%2fj.esd.2010.04.005&partnerID=40&md5=34d079cc3d6af220652bb25ea6134323}, doi = {10.1016/j.esd.2010.04.005}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Energy for Sustainable Development}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {63-72}, publisher = {Elsevier}, abstract = {India has recently launched the National Biomass Cookstoves Initiative (NCI) to develop next-generation cleaner biomass cookstoves and deploy them to all Indian households that currently use traditional cookstoves. The initiative has set itself the lofty aim of providing energy service comparable to clean sources such as LPG but using the same solid biomass fuels commonly used today. Such a clean energy option for the estimated 160 million Indian households now cooking with inefficient and polluting biomass and coal cookstoves could yield enormous gains in health and welfare for the weakest and most vulnerable sections of society. At the same time, cleaner household cooking energy through substitution by advanced-combustion biomass stoves (or other options such as clean fuels) can nearly eliminate the several important products of incomplete combustion that come from today’s practices and are important outdoor and greenhouse pollutants. Using national surveys, published literature and assessments, and measurements of cookstove performance solely from India, we find that about 570,000 premature deaths in poor women and children and over 4% of India’s estimated greenhouse emissions could be avoided if such an initiative were in place today. These avoided emissions currently would be worth more than US$1 billion on the international carbon market. In addition, about one-third of India’s black carbon emissions can be reduced along with a range of other health- and climate-active pollutants that affect regional air quality and climate. Although current advanced biomass stoves show substantial emissions reductions over traditional stoves, there is still additional improvement needed to reach LPG-like emission levels. We recognize that the technology development and deployment challenges to meet NCI goals of this scale are formidable and a forthcoming companion paper focuses on what program design elements might best be able to overcome these challenges. © 2010.}, note = {cited By 136}, keywords = {air quality; biomass power; black carbon; carbon emission; emission control; household energy; liquefied petroleum gas; technological development, Air quality; Coal combustion; Combustion; Fuels; Greenhouses; Particulate emissions; Pollution; Stoves, Avoided emissions; Black carbon emission; Emissions reduction; Greenhouse emissions; Incomplete combustion; National initiatives; Regional air quality; Technology development, Biomass, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } India has recently launched the National Biomass Cookstoves Initiative (NCI) to develop next-generation cleaner biomass cookstoves and deploy them to all Indian households that currently use traditional cookstoves. The initiative has set itself the lofty aim of providing energy service comparable to clean sources such as LPG but using the same solid biomass fuels commonly used today. Such a clean energy option for the estimated 160 million Indian households now cooking with inefficient and polluting biomass and coal cookstoves could yield enormous gains in health and welfare for the weakest and most vulnerable sections of society. At the same time, cleaner household cooking energy through substitution by advanced-combustion biomass stoves (or other options such as clean fuels) can nearly eliminate the several important products of incomplete combustion that come from today’s practices and are important outdoor and greenhouse pollutants. Using national surveys, published literature and assessments, and measurements of cookstove performance solely from India, we find that about 570,000 premature deaths in poor women and children and over 4% of India’s estimated greenhouse emissions could be avoided if such an initiative were in place today. These avoided emissions currently would be worth more than US$1 billion on the international carbon market. In addition, about one-third of India’s black carbon emissions can be reduced along with a range of other health- and climate-active pollutants that affect regional air quality and climate. Although current advanced biomass stoves show substantial emissions reductions over traditional stoves, there is still additional improvement needed to reach LPG-like emission levels. We recognize that the technology development and deployment challenges to meet NCI goals of this scale are formidable and a forthcoming companion paper focuses on what program design elements might best be able to overcome these challenges. © 2010.
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Smith, K R What’s Cooking? A Brief Update Journal Article Energy for Sustainable Development, 14 (4), pp. 251-252, 2010, (cited By 23). Links | BibTeX | Tags: Accelerator facilities; Cookstoves; Global alliances; India; National biomass cookstove initiative, biomass power; cooking appliance; cost-benefit analysis; environmental economics; pollution tax, carbon, Energy management; Energy resources, India @article{Smith2010251,
title = {What’s Cooking? A Brief Update}, author = {K R Smith}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649632630&doi=10.1016%2fj.esd.2010.10.002&partnerID=40&md5=044f937eca12d4a3f6bbd99dca75a772}, doi = {10.1016/j.esd.2010.10.002}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Energy for Sustainable Development}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, pages = {251-252}, publisher = {Elsevier B.V.}, note = {cited By 23}, keywords = {Accelerator facilities; Cookstoves; Global alliances; India; National biomass cookstove initiative, biomass power; cooking appliance; cost-benefit analysis; environmental economics; pollution tax, carbon, Energy management; Energy resources, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
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Ekholm, T; Krey, V; Pachauri, S; Riahi, K Determinants of household energy consumption in India Journal Article Energy Policy, 38 (10), pp. 5696-5707, 2010, (cited By 88). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Developing countries; Energy utilization, Energy access; Household energy consumption; Income distribution; India; Intangible factors; Policy mechanisms; Response strategies; Traditional biomass, energy efficiency; energy policy; energy use; fuel consumption; household energy; income distribution; modeling; poverty; rural area, Fuels, India @article{Ekholm20105696,
title = {Determinants of household energy consumption in India}, author = {T Ekholm and V Krey and S Pachauri and K Riahi}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77956410995&doi=10.1016%2fj.enpol.2010.05.017&partnerID=40&md5=e48484a007b9ccbece2fc4b98c942467}, doi = {10.1016/j.enpol.2010.05.017}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Energy Policy}, volume = {38}, number = {10}, pages = {5696-5707}, publisher = {Elsevier Ltd}, abstract = {Improving access to affordable modern energy is critical to improving living standards in the developing world. Rural households in India, in particular, are almost entirely reliant on traditional biomass for their basic cooking energy needs. This has adverse effects on their health and productivity, and also causes environmental degradation. This study presents a new generic modelling approach, with a focus on cooking fuel choices, and explores response strategies for energy poverty eradication in India. The modelling approach analyzes the determinants of fuel consumption choices for heterogeneous household groups, incorporating the effect of income distributions and traditionally more intangible factors such as preferences and private discount rates. The methodology is used to develop alternate future scenarios that explore how different policy mechanisms such as fuel subsidies and micro-financing can enhance the diffusion of modern, more efficient, energy sources in India. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, note = {cited By 88}, keywords = {Developing countries; Energy utilization, Energy access; Household energy consumption; Income distribution; India; Intangible factors; Policy mechanisms; Response strategies; Traditional biomass, energy efficiency; energy policy; energy use; fuel consumption; household energy; income distribution; modeling; poverty; rural area, Fuels, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Improving access to affordable modern energy is critical to improving living standards in the developing world. Rural households in India, in particular, are almost entirely reliant on traditional biomass for their basic cooking energy needs. This has adverse effects on their health and productivity, and also causes environmental degradation. This study presents a new generic modelling approach, with a focus on cooking fuel choices, and explores response strategies for energy poverty eradication in India. The modelling approach analyzes the determinants of fuel consumption choices for heterogeneous household groups, incorporating the effect of income distributions and traditionally more intangible factors such as preferences and private discount rates. The methodology is used to develop alternate future scenarios that explore how different policy mechanisms such as fuel subsidies and micro-financing can enhance the diffusion of modern, more efficient, energy sources in India. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Ghude, S D; Lal, D M; Beig, G; A, Van Der R; Sable, D Rain-induced soil NO<inf>x</inf> emission from India during the onset of the summer monsoon: A satellite perspective Journal Article Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 115 (16), 2010, (cited By 24). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Atmospheric thermodynamics; Ozone; Rain; Soils; Troposphere, Dry soil; Emission fluxes; Ozone monitoring instruments; Population densities; Pulsing events; Rainy seasons; Rural regions; Satellite observations; Strong enhancement; Summer monsoon; Summer monsoon rainfall; Tropospheric NO, India, lightning; nitrogen dioxide; precipitation (climatology); rainfall; rural area; satellite imagery; soil emission; soil nitrogen; troposphere, Ultraviolet spectrometers @article{Ghude2010b,
title = {Rain-induced soil NO author = {S D Ghude and D M Lal and G Beig and R Van Der A and D Sable}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77956197320&doi=10.1029%2f2009JD013367&partnerID=40&md5=594296235746fe5f10fd12083b0da234}, doi = {10.1029/2009JD013367}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres}, volume = {115}, number = {16}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, abstract = {Rain-induced soil NO note = {cited By 24}, keywords = {Atmospheric thermodynamics; Ozone; Rain; Soils; Troposphere, Dry soil; Emission fluxes; Ozone monitoring instruments; Population densities; Pulsing events; Rainy seasons; Rural regions; Satellite observations; Strong enhancement; Summer monsoon; Summer monsoon rainfall; Tropospheric NO, India, lightning; nitrogen dioxide; precipitation (climatology); rainfall; rural area; satellite imagery; soil emission; soil nitrogen; troposphere, Ultraviolet spectrometers}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Rain-induced soil NO<inf>x</inf> emission in the rural regions in India has been investigated using satellite observations of daily tropospheric NO <inf>2</inf> columns from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). We selected three rural regions with low population density where industrial and transportation activities are notably less in comparison to other regions of India. We show that OMI-derived tropospheric NO<inf>2</inf> columns capture the NO<inf>x</inf> pulses from soil during the onset of the rainy season (June) over the regions considered in our analysis. Strong enhancements in tropospheric NO<inf>2</inf> columns after the active spell of precipitation and subsequent decrease during the break spell have been observed. We argue that this enhancement is due to rain-induced soil NO<inf>x</inf> pulsing after the onset of summer monsoon rainfall over the dry soil in the study regions. Relating OMI tropospheric NO<inf>2</inf> columns to surface NO<inf>x</inf> emission, soil emission accounts for an average emission flux of ∼23-28 ng N m-1 s-1 during the pulsing event. Lightning is unlikely to account for the enhanced OMI tropospheric NO<inf>2</inf> columns over the study regions. Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union.
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2003 |
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Sharma, R; Pervez, S Seasonal variation of PM10 and SPM levels in ambient air around a cement plant Journal Article Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 62 (8), pp. 827-833, 2003, (cited By 4). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: aerodynamics; ambient air; cement; particulate matter; seasonal variation, aerodynamics; cement; particulate matter; seasonal variation, India @article{Sharma2003827,
title = {Seasonal variation of PM10 and SPM levels in ambient air around a cement plant}, author = {R Sharma and S Pervez}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0042423692&partnerID=40&md5=87dd43c627213e0bea659f575923765f}, year = {2003}, date = {2003-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research}, volume = {62}, number = {8}, pages = {827-833}, abstract = {Monitoring of PM 10 (Particulate matter, aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm) and SPM (Suspended Particulate Matter) levels in ambient air around a cement plant at Jamul, District-Durg, Chhattisgarh state was carried out in post-rainy, winter and summer seasons. A significant contribution of PM 10 and SPM levels in ambient air from stack emissions has been observed. PM 10 and SPM levels were found to be in the ranges of 84-220 μg/m3 (PM10) and 174-473 μg/m3 (SPM) in post-rainy season; 150-480 μg/m3 (PM10) and 551-1120 μg/m3 (SPM) in winter season; and 110-460 μg/m3 (PM10) and 365-978 μg/m3 (SPM) in the summer season, respectively, in downwind direction. Smaller values of such emissions were obtained in sites of upwind direction. Ratios of PM 10 to SPM and correlation coefficient values between PM 10 and SPM were also workout. A positive correlation coefficient was obtained between PM 10 and SPM. Order of occurrences of PM 10 and SPM at downwind direction in all three seasons was winter > summer > post-rainy.}, note = {cited By 4}, keywords = {aerodynamics; ambient air; cement; particulate matter; seasonal variation, aerodynamics; cement; particulate matter; seasonal variation, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Monitoring of PM 10 (Particulate matter, aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm) and SPM (Suspended Particulate Matter) levels in ambient air around a cement plant at Jamul, District-Durg, Chhattisgarh state was carried out in post-rainy, winter and summer seasons. A significant contribution of PM 10 and SPM levels in ambient air from stack emissions has been observed. PM 10 and SPM levels were found to be in the ranges of 84-220 μg/m3 (PM10) and 174-473 μg/m3 (SPM) in post-rainy season; 150-480 μg/m3 (PM10) and 551-1120 μg/m3 (SPM) in winter season; and 110-460 μg/m3 (PM10) and 365-978 μg/m3 (SPM) in the summer season, respectively, in downwind direction. Smaller values of such emissions were obtained in sites of upwind direction. Ratios of PM 10 to SPM and correlation coefficient values between PM 10 and SPM were also workout. A positive correlation coefficient was obtained between PM 10 and SPM. Order of occurrences of PM 10 and SPM at downwind direction in all three seasons was winter > summer > post-rainy.
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2002 |
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Pachauri, S; Spreng, D Direct and indirect energy requirements of households in India Journal Article Energy Policy, 30 (6), pp. 511-523, 2002, (cited By 131). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: energy market; energy use; household energy; input-output analysis, Energy policy, Energy utilization; Social aspects, Household energy consumption, India @article{Pachauri2002511,
title = {Direct and indirect energy requirements of households in India}, author = {S Pachauri and D Spreng}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036569434&doi=10.1016%2fS0301-4215%2801%2900119-7&partnerID=40&md5=a1dcedfa299c649a673313737351f8e8}, doi = {10.1016/S0301-4215(01)00119-7}, year = {2002}, date = {2002-01-01}, journal = {Energy Policy}, volume = {30}, number = {6}, pages = {511-523}, abstract = {This study is based on the 115 sector classification input-output tables for India for the years 1983-84, 1989-90 and 1993-94. Calculated total primary energy intensities along with private final consumption expenditures are used as a basis for determining the indirect energy requirements of Indian households. Results reveal that total household energy consumption is about evenly divided between direct and indirect energy and together comprises 75% of the total energy consumption of India. Most of household energy consumed directly is still non-commercial and the consumption of food is responsible for about half the indirect energy consumption. Household energy requirements have increased significantly, both in total and per capita terms over this time period. The commercial component of direct household energy consumption and the indirect energy requirements have increased continuously. The main drivers of this increase have been (1) the growing expenditures per capita, (2) population and (3) increasing energy intensity in the food and agricultural sectors. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}, note = {cited By 131}, keywords = {energy market; energy use; household energy; input-output analysis, Energy policy, Energy utilization; Social aspects, Household energy consumption, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study is based on the 115 sector classification input-output tables for India for the years 1983-84, 1989-90 and 1993-94. Calculated total primary energy intensities along with private final consumption expenditures are used as a basis for determining the indirect energy requirements of Indian households. Results reveal that total household energy consumption is about evenly divided between direct and indirect energy and together comprises 75% of the total energy consumption of India. Most of household energy consumed directly is still non-commercial and the consumption of food is responsible for about half the indirect energy consumption. Household energy requirements have increased significantly, both in total and per capita terms over this time period. The commercial component of direct household energy consumption and the indirect energy requirements have increased continuously. The main drivers of this increase have been (1) the growing expenditures per capita, (2) population and (3) increasing energy intensity in the food and agricultural sectors. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Reddy, M S; Venkataraman, C Inventory of aerosol and sulphur dioxide emissions from India: I – Fossil fuel combustion Journal Article Atmospheric Environment, 36 (4), pp. 677-697, 2002, (cited By 228). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: aerosol; air pollution control; article; city; climate; combustion; data base; electric power plant; energy consumption; fly ash; gas waste; India; Indian Ocean; industry; inventory control; priority journal; traffic and transport, aerosol; emission inventory; fly ash; fossil fuel; sulfur dioxide, Aerosols, carbon; cement; coal; diesel fuel; domestic chemical; fertilizer; fossil fuel; industrial chemical; iron; lignite; natural gas; organic matter; petroleum; steel; sulfur dioxide, Coal; Combustion; Crude petroleum; Database systems; Extrapolation; Fossil fuels; Natural gas; Power plants; Sulfur dioxide, Emissions, Fraxinus, India @article{Reddy2002677,
title = {Inventory of aerosol and sulphur dioxide emissions from India: I – Fossil fuel combustion}, author = {M S Reddy and C Venkataraman}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036151075&doi=10.1016%2fS1352-2310%2801%2900463-0&partnerID=40&md5=20572fb97d33f6c75f3a4c5a3c58c7f8}, doi = {10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00463-0}, year = {2002}, date = {2002-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {36}, number = {4}, pages = {677-697}, abstract = {A comprehensive, spatially resolved (0.25° × 0.25°) fossil fuel consumption database and emissions inventory was constructed, for India, for the first time. Emissions of sulphur dioxide and aerosol chemical constituents were estimated for 1996-1997 and extrapolated to the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) study period (1998-1999). District level consumption of coal/lignite, petroleum and natural gas in power plants, industrial, transportation and domestic sectors was 9411 PJ, with major contributions from coal (54%) followed by diesel (18%). Emission factors for various pollutants were derived using India specific fuel characteristics and information on combustion/air pollution control technologies for the power and industrial sectors. Domestic and transportation emission factors, appropriate for Indian source characteristics, were compiled from literature. SO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion for 1996-1997 were 4.0 Tg SO2 yr-1, with 756 large point sources (e.g. utilities, iron and steel, fertilisers, cement, refineries and petrochemicals and non-ferrous metals), accounting for 62%. PM2.5 emitted was 0.5 and 2.0Tg yr-1 for the 100% and the 50% control scenario, respectively, applied to coal burning in the power and industrial sectors. Coal combustion was the major source of PM2.5 (92%) primarily consisting of fly ash, accounting for 98% of the “inorganic fraction” emissions (difference between PM2.5 and black carbon + organic matter) of 1.6Tg yr-1. Black carbon emissions were estimated at 0.1Tg yr-1, with 58% from diesel transport, and organic matter emissions at 0.3Tg yr-1, with 48% from brick-kilns. Fossil fuel consumption and emissions peaked at the large point industrial sources and 22 cities, with elevated area fluxes in northern and western India. The spatial resolution of this inventory makes it suitable for regional-scale aerosol-climate studies. These results are compared to previous studies and differences discussed. Measurements of emission factors for Indian sources are needed to further refine these estimates. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}, note = {cited By 228}, keywords = {aerosol; air pollution control; article; city; climate; combustion; data base; electric power plant; energy consumption; fly ash; gas waste; India; Indian Ocean; industry; inventory control; priority journal; traffic and transport, aerosol; emission inventory; fly ash; fossil fuel; sulfur dioxide, Aerosols, carbon; cement; coal; diesel fuel; domestic chemical; fertilizer; fossil fuel; industrial chemical; iron; lignite; natural gas; organic matter; petroleum; steel; sulfur dioxide, Coal; Combustion; Crude petroleum; Database systems; Extrapolation; Fossil fuels; Natural gas; Power plants; Sulfur dioxide, Emissions, Fraxinus, India}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A comprehensive, spatially resolved (0.25° × 0.25°) fossil fuel consumption database and emissions inventory was constructed, for India, for the first time. Emissions of sulphur dioxide and aerosol chemical constituents were estimated for 1996-1997 and extrapolated to the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) study period (1998-1999). District level consumption of coal/lignite, petroleum and natural gas in power plants, industrial, transportation and domestic sectors was 9411 PJ, with major contributions from coal (54%) followed by diesel (18%). Emission factors for various pollutants were derived using India specific fuel characteristics and information on combustion/air pollution control technologies for the power and industrial sectors. Domestic and transportation emission factors, appropriate for Indian source characteristics, were compiled from literature. SO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion for 1996-1997 were 4.0 Tg SO2 yr-1, with 756 large point sources (e.g. utilities, iron and steel, fertilisers, cement, refineries and petrochemicals and non-ferrous metals), accounting for 62%. PM2.5 emitted was 0.5 and 2.0Tg yr-1 for the 100% and the 50% control scenario, respectively, applied to coal burning in the power and industrial sectors. Coal combustion was the major source of PM2.5 (92%) primarily consisting of fly ash, accounting for 98% of the “inorganic fraction” emissions (difference between PM2.5 and black carbon + organic matter) of 1.6Tg yr-1. Black carbon emissions were estimated at 0.1Tg yr-1, with 58% from diesel transport, and organic matter emissions at 0.3Tg yr-1, with 48% from brick-kilns. Fossil fuel consumption and emissions peaked at the large point industrial sources and 22 cities, with elevated area fluxes in northern and western India. The spatial resolution of this inventory makes it suitable for regional-scale aerosol-climate studies. These results are compared to previous studies and differences discussed. Measurements of emission factors for Indian sources are needed to further refine these estimates. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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